问题引入

在前面三篇文章，我们分别谈到了使用DBCC命令捕获死锁；使用Profiler界面跟踪Deadlock Graph事件捕获死锁和使用脚本自动部署Profiler Trace捕获死锁。这篇文章介绍一个非常有意思的捕获死锁的方法：使用SQL Server Service Broker Event Notification来捕获死锁。

Service Broker Event Notification

Service Broker Event Notification即使用SQL Server引擎内置的异步消息通讯机制加上SQL Server的事件通知机制来捕获死锁信息，这个方法非常简单，对SQL Server数据库本身影响非常小。一个简单的模型是将捕获到的死锁xml信息存放在队里中，然后分析队列，重现详细的死锁场景。代码如下：

USE [master] 
GO

IF DB_ID('DeadlockCapture') IS NULL
    CREATE DATABASE [DeadlockCapture];
GO
ALTER DATABASE [DeadlockCapture]
SET ENABLE_BROKER 
GO

USE [DeadlockCapture]
GO

--Create Event Notification Queue to save Deadlock Info
CREATE QUEUE QueueDeadLockNotification
;

--Create Event Notification Services
CREATE SERVICE ServiceDeadlockNotification
ON QUEUE QueueDeadLockNotification ([http://schemas.microsoft.com/SQL/Notifications/PostEventNotification]);
GO

-- Create route for the DeadlockNotificationSvc
CREATE ROUTE RouteDeadLockNotification
WITH SERVICE_NAME = 'ServiceDeadlockNotification',
ADDRESS = 'LOCAL';
GO

-- Create Event Notification for the deadlock_graph event.
CREATE EVENT NOTIFICATION DeadLockNotificationEvent
ON SERVER 
FOR DEADLOCK_GRAPH
TO SERVICE 
'ServiceDeadlockNotification', 
'current database'
GO

死锁测试的方法和过程参见文章RDS SQL Server死锁（Deadlock）系列之一使用DBCC捕获死锁中死锁测试部分，在此不再累述。

分析死锁

当死锁发生后，死锁信息会被异步的记录到Service Broker队列中。

USE [DeadlockCapture]
GO
select CAST(message_body as xml),* from QueueDeadLockNotification

查询结果展示如下：

接下来的工作就是分析队里中的死锁信息，分析方法和前面几篇文章的分析方法大同小异，只是在公用表达式的初始化部分稍有差异。方法如下：

use master
go

;WITH DATA
AS
(

    -- Analysis deadlock when saving into Service Broker Event Notification 
    select 
        RowNumber = row_number() OVER (ORDER BY queuing_order)
        ,DeadlockGraph = CAST(message_body as xml).query('./EVENT_INSTANCE/TextData/deadlock-list')
    from [DeadlockCapture].[dbo].[QueueDeadLockNotification] WITH(NOLOCK)

)
,
deadlock
AS
(
        SELECT 
                        RowNumber
                        ,OwnerID = T.C.value('@id', 'varchar(50)')
                        ,SPid = T.C.value('(./@spid)[1]','int')
                        ,status = T.C.value('(./@status)[1]','varchar(10)')
                        ,Victim = case when T.C.value('@id', 'varchar(50)') = T.C.value('./../../@victim','varchar(50)') then 1 else 0 end
                        ,LockMode = T.C.value('@lockMode', 'varchar(20)')
                        ,DeadlockGraph
                        ,Inputbuf = T.C.value('(./inputbuf/text())[1]','varchar(max)')
                        ,Code = T.C.value('(./executionStack/frame/text())[1]','VARCHAR(max)')
                        ,SPName = T.C.value('(./executionStack/frame/@procname)[1]','sysname')
                        ,Hostname = T.C.value('(./@hostname)[1]','sysname')
                        ,Clientapp = T.C.value('(./@clientapp)[1]','varchar(max)')
                        ,LoginName = T.C.value('@loginname', 'varchar(20)')
                        ,Action = T.C.value('(./@transactionname)[1]','varchar(max)')
                        ,TransactionTime = T.C.value('@lasttranstarted', 'datetime')
        FROM DATA AS A
                CROSS APPLY DeadlockGraph.nodes('deadlock-list/deadlock/process-list/process') AS T(C)
)
,
keylock
AS
(
        SELECT
                OwnerID = T.C.value('./owner[1]/@id', 'varchar(50)')
                ,KeylockObject = T.C.value('./../@objectname', 'varchar(200)')
                ,Indexname = T.C.value('./../@indexname', 'varchar(200)')
                ,IndexLockMode = T.C.value('./../@mode', 'varchar(20)')
        FROM DATA AS A
                CROSS APPLY DeadlockGraph.nodes('deadlock-list/deadlock/resource-list/keylock/owner-list') AS T(C)
)
SELECT 
        A.SPid
        ,is_Vitim = A.Victim
        ,A.SPName
        ,A.Code
        ,A.LockMode
        ,B.Indexname
        ,B.KeylockObject
        ,B.IndexLockMode
        ,A.Inputbuf
        ,A.Hostname
        ,A.LoginName
        ,A.Clientapp
        ,A.Action
        ,status
        ,A.TransactionTime
FROM deadlock AS A
        LEFT JOIN keylock AS B
        ON A.OwnerID = B.OwnerID
ORDER BY A.RowNumber,A.Victim

展示结果如下图所示：

最后总结

使用Service Broker Event Notification来捕获死锁信息，是一个比较新颖的选择，由于采用异步消息通讯的方式，对SQL Server影响非常小。个人建议使用该方法来捕获、分析死锁。