1 基本概念
1.1 常用注解
- @Mocked:被修饰的对象将会被Mock,对应的类和实例都会受影响(同一个测试用例中)
- @Injectable:仅Mock被修饰的对象
- @Capturing:可以mock接口以及其所有的实现类
- @Mock:MockUp模式中,指定被Fake的方法
1.2 常用的类
- Expectations:期望,指定的方法必须被调用
- StrictExpectations:严格的期望,指定方法必须按照顺序调用
- NonStrictExpectations:非严格的期望,是否调用和顺序不作要求
- Verifications:验证,一般配合NonStrictExpectations来使用
- Invocation:工具类,可以获取调用信息
- Delegate:自己指定返回值,适合那种需要参数决定返回值的场景,只需指定匿名子类就可以。
- MockUp:模拟函数实现
- Deencapsulation:反射工具类
2 使用实例
现有两个类如下:
SimpleTool.java:
public class SimpleTool {
public String fun1(String str) {
return "real: public String fun1(" + str + ")";
}
private String fun2(String str) {
return "real: private String fun2(" + str + ")";
}
public String fun3(String str) {
return "real: public String fun3(" + str + ")";
}
public String fun4(String str) {
return fun2(str);
}
}
UseSimpleTool.java:
public class UseSimpleTool {
public String fun1(String name) {
SimpleTool simpleTool = new SimpleTool();
return simpleTool.fun1(name);
}
}
2.1 Status-based
2.1.1 实例1:Mocked
@Mocked
SimpleTool simpleTool;
@Test
public void testExpectation() {
//未mock函数返回null
new Expectations() {
{
simpleTool.fun1(anyString);
result = "MOCK";
}
};
System.out.println(simpleTool.fun1("param"));
System.out.println(simpleTool.fun3("param"));
System.out.println(new UseSimpleTool().fun1("param"));
new Verifications() {
{
simpleTool.fun1(anyString);
times = 2;
}
};
}
输出:
MOCK
null
MOCK
2.1.2 实例2:Injectable
@Injectable
SimpleTool simpleTool;
@Test
public void testExpectation() {
//未mock函数返回null
new Expectations() {
{
simpleTool.fun1(anyString);
result = "MOCK";
}
};
System.out.println(simpleTool.fun1("param"));
System.out.println(simpleTool.fun3("param"));
System.out.println(new UseSimpleTool().fun1("param"));
new Verifications() {
{
simpleTool.fun1(anyString);
times = 1;
}
};
}
输出:
MOCK
null
real: public String fun1(param)
2.1.3 结果可变Delegate
@Mocked
SimpleTool simpleTool;
@Test
public void testExpectation() {
new Expectations() {
{
simpleTool.fun1(anyString);
result = new Delegate<String>() {
public String aDelegateMethod(String str) {
return str.equals("param0") ? "MOCK0" : "MOCK1";
}
};
}
};
System.out.println(simpleTool.fun1("param0"));
System.out.println(simpleTool.fun3("param"));
System.out.println(new UseSimpleTool().fun1("param1"));
new Verifications() {
{
simpleTool.fun1(anyString);
times = 2;
}
};
}
输出:
MOCK0
null
MOCK1
2.2 Behavior-based
2.2.1 Mock对象公有方法
@Test
public void testMockUp() {
//影响该类所有实例
new MockUp<SimpleTool>(){
//未mock函数不受影响
@Mock
public String fun1(String str) {
return "(MOCK)";
}
};
SimpleTool simpleTool = new SimpleTool();
System.out.println(simpleTool.fun1("param"));
System.out.println(simpleTool.fun3("param"));
UseSimpleTool useSimpleTool = new UseSimpleTool();
System.out.println(useSimpleTool.fun1("param"));
}
输出:
(MOCK)
real: public String fun3(param)
(MOCK)
2.2.2 Mock对象私有方法
@Test
public void testMockUp() {
new MockUp<SimpleTool>(){
//未mock函数不受影响
@Mock
private String fun2(String str) {
return "(MOCK)";
}
};
SimpleTool simpleTool = new SimpleTool();
System.out.println(simpleTool.fun1("param"));
System.out.println(simpleTool.fun3("param"));
System.out.println(simpleTool.fun4("param"));
}
输出:
real: public String fun1(param)
real: public String fun3(param)
(MOCK)
2.2.3 Mock接口
现有接口及其实现类如下:
SimleInterface.java:
public interface SimpleInterface {
String getCityName();
String getAreaName();
}
SimpleInterfaceImpl.java:
public class SimpleInterfaceImpl implements SimpleInterface {
public String getCityName() {
return "default city";
}
public String getAreaName() {
return "default area";
}
}
实例:
//此处使用Injectable和Mocked为一样的效果
@Injectable
SimpleInterface simpleInterface;
@Test
public void testUpper() throws Exception {
SimpleInterface mockInstance = new MockUp<SimpleInterface>() {
@Mock
public String getCityName() {
return "BEIJING(MOCK)";
}
@Mock
public String getAreaName() {
return "HUABEI(MOCK)";
}
}.getMockInstance();
System.out.println(mockInstance.getCityName());
System.out.println(mockInstance.getAreaName());
System.out.println(simpleInterface.getCityName());
System.out.println(simpleInterface.getAreaName());
SimpleInterfaceImpl simpleInterfaceImpl = new SimpleInterfaceImpl();
System.out.println(simpleInterfaceImpl.getCityName());
System.out.println(simpleInterfaceImpl.getAreaName());
}
输出:
BEIJING(MOCK)
HUABEI(MOCK)
null
null
default city
default area
对于接口的Mock如何影响实现该接口的所有类的对象,尚需进一步研究。