Netstat 命令用于显示各种网络相关信息,如网络连接,路由表,接口状态 (Interface Statistics),masquerade 连接,多播成员 (Multicast Memberships) 等等。
输出信息含义执行netstat后,其输出结果为
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 2 210.34. 6.89:telnet 210.34. 6.96: 2873 ESTABLISHED
tcp 296 0 210.34. 6.89: 1165 210.34. 6.84:netbios-ssn ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 localhost.localdom: 9001 localhost.localdom: 1162 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 localhost.localdom: 1162 localhost.localdom: 9001 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 80 210.34. 6.89: 1161 210.34. 6.10:netbios-ssn CLOSE
Active UNIX domain sockets (w/o servers)
Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path
unix 1 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 16178 @000000dd
unix 1 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 16176 @000000dc
unix 9 [ ] DGRAM 5292 /dev/log
unix 1 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 16182 @000000df
从整体上看,netstat的输出结果可以分为两个部分:
一个是Active Internet connections,称为有源TCP连接,其中"Recv-Q"和"Send-Q"指%0A的是接收队列和发送队列。这些数字一般都应该是0。如果不是则表示软件包正在队列中堆积。这种情况只能在非常少的情况见到。
另一个是Active UNIX domain sockets,称为有源Unix域套接口(和网络套接字一样,但是只能用于本机通信,性能可以提高一倍)。
Proto显示连接使用的协议,RefCnt表示连接到本套接口上的进程号,Types显示套接口的类型,State显示套接口当前的状态,Path表示连接到套接口的其它进程使用的路径名。
-a (all)显示所有选项,默认不显示LISTEN相关
-t (tcp)仅显示tcp相关选项
-u (udp)仅显示udp相关选项
-n 拒绝显示别名,能显示数字的全部转化成数字。
-l 仅列出有在 Listen (监听) 的服務状态
-p 显示建立相关链接的程序名
-r 显示路由信息,路由表
-e 显示扩展信息,例如uid等
-s 按各个协议进行统计
-c 每隔一个固定时间,执行该netstat命令。
提示:LISTEN和LISTENING的状态只有用-a或者-l才能看到
实用命令实例 1. 列出所有端口 (包括监听和未监听的)
列出所有端口 netstat -a
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 localhost: 30037 *:* LISTEN
udp 0 0 *:bootpc *:*
Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established)
Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6135 /tmp/.X11-unix/X0
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 5140 / var/run/acpid.socket
列出所有 tcp 端口 netstat -at
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 localhost: 30037 *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 *:smtp *:* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN
列出所有 udp 端口 netstat -au
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
udp 0 0 *:bootpc *:*
udp 0 0 *: 49119 *:*
udp 0 0 *:mdns *:*
只显示监听端口 netstat -l
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN
udp 0 0 *: 49119 *:*
只列出所有监听 tcp 端口 netstat -lt
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 localhost: 30037 *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 *:smtp *:* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN
只列出所有监听 udp 端口 netstat -lu
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
udp 0 0 *: 49119 *:*
udp 0 0 *:mdns *:*
只列出所有监听 UNIX 端口 netstat -lx
Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers)
Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6294 private/maildrop
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6203 public/cleanup
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6302 private/ifmail
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6306 private/bsmtp
显示所有端口的统计信息 netstat -s
Ip:
11150 total packets received
1 with invalid addresses
0 forwarded
0 incoming packets discarded
11149 incoming packets delivered
11635 requests sent out
Icmp:
0 ICMP messages received
0 input ICMP message failed.
Tcp:
582 active connections openings
2 failed connection attempts
25 connection resets received
Udp:
1183 packets received
4 packets to unknown port received.
.....
显示 TCP 或 UDP 端口的统计信息 netstat -st 或 -su
# netstat -su
netstat -p 可以与其它开关一起使用,就可以添加 “PID/进程名称” 到 netstat 输出中,这样 debugging 的时候可以很方便的发现特定端口运行的程序。
Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 1 0 ramesh-laptop.loc: 47212 192.168. 185.75:www CLOSE_WAIT 2109/firefox
tcp 0 0 ramesh-laptop.loc: 52750 lax:www ESTABLISHED 2109/firefox
当你不想让主机,端口和用户名显示,使用 netstat -n。将会使用数字代替那些名称。
同样可以加速输出,因为不用进行比对查询。
如果只是不想让这三个名称中的一个被显示,使用以下命令
# netsat -a --numeric-hosts
# netsat -a --numeric-users
netstat 将每隔一秒输出网络信息。
Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 ramesh-laptop.loc: 36130 101- 101- 181- 225.ama:www ESTABLISHED
tcp 1 1 ramesh-laptop.loc: 52564 101.11. 169.230:www CLOSING
tcp 0 0 ramesh-laptop.loc: 43758 server- 101- 101- 43- 2:www ESTABLISHED
tcp 1 1 ramesh-laptop.loc: 42367 101.101. 34.101:www CLOSING
^C
在输出的末尾,会有如下的信息
netstat: no support for `AF AX25 ' on this system.
netstat: no support for `AF X25 ' on this system.
netstat: no support for `AF NETROM ' on this system.
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface
192.168. 1.0 * 255.255. 255.0 U 0 0 0 eth2
link-local * 255.255. 0.0 U 0 0 0 eth2
default 192.168. 1.1 0.0. 0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth2
注意: 使用 netstat -rn 显示数字格式,不查询主机名称。
9. 找出程序运行的端口并不是所有的进程都能找到,没有权限的会不显示,使用 root 权限查看所有的信息。
tcp 1 0 dev-db:ssh 101.174. 100.22: 39213 CLOSE_WAIT -
tcp 1 0 dev-db:ssh 101.174. 100.22: 57643 CLOSE_WAIT -
找出运行在指定端口的进程
Kernel Interface table
Iface MTU Met RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg
eth0 1500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BMU
eth2 1500 0 26196 0 0 0 26883 6 0 0 BMRU
lo 16436 0 4 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 LRU
显示详细信息,像是 ifconfig 使用 netstat -ie:
Kernel Interface table
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00: 10: 40: 11: 11: 11
UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU: 1500 Metric: 1
RX packets: 0 errors: 0 dropped: 0 overruns: 0 frame: 0
TX packets: 0 errors: 0 dropped: 0 overruns: 0 carrier: 0
collisions: 0 txqueuelen: 1000
RX bytes: 0 ( 0.0 B) TX bytes: 0 ( 0.0 B)
Memory:f6ae0000-f6b00000
查看连接某服务端口最多的的IP地址
18 221.136. 168.36
3 154.74. 45.242
2 78.173. 31.236
2 62.183. 207.98
2 192.168. 1.14
2 182.48. 111.215
2 124.193. 219.34
2 119.145. 41.2
2 114.255. 41.30
1 75.102. 11.99
TCP各种状态列表
established)
Foreign
LISTEN
TIME_WAIT
ESTABLISHED
TIME_WAIT
SYN_SENT
143 ESTABLISHED
1 FIN_WAIT1
1 Foreign
1 LAST_ACK
36 LISTEN
6 SYN_SENT
113 TIME_WAIT
1 established)