web工作流程
- Web服务器的工作原理可以简单地归纳为
- 客户机通过TCP/IP协议建立到服务器的TCP连接
- 客户端向服务器发送HTTP协议请求包，请求服务器里的资源文档
- 服务器向客户机发送HTTP协议应答包，如果请求的资源包含有动态语言的内容，那么服务器会调用动态语言的解释引擎负责处理“动态内容”，并将处理得到的数据返回给客户端
- 客户机与服务器断开。由客户端解释HTML文档，在客户端屏幕上渲染图形结果
HTTP协议
- 超文本传输协议(HTTP，HyperText Transfer Protocol)是互联网上应用最为广泛的一种网络协议，它详细规定了浏览器和万维网服务器之间互相通信的规则，通过因特网传送万维网文档的数据传送协议
- HTTP协议通常承载于TCP协议之上
talk is cheap , show me the code
package main import ( "fmt" "io/ioutil" "log" "net/http" ) func main() { //http://127.0.0.1:8000/go // 单独写回调函数 http.HandleFunc("/go", myHandler) // addr：监听的地址 // handler：回调函数 http.ListenAndServe("127.0.0.1:8000", nil) } // handler函数 func myHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { fmt.Println(r.RemoteAddr, "连接成功") // 请求方式：GET POST DELETE PUT UPDATE fmt.Println("method:", r.Method) // /go fmt.Println("url:", r.URL.Path) fmt.Println("header:", r.Header) fmt.Println("body:", r.Body) // 回复 switch r.Method { case "GET": { w.Write([]byte("get")) } case "POST": { // 读取body内容 content, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body) if err != nil { log.Println("read post body occurs error: ", err) } fmt.Println("post body:", string(content)) w.Write([]byte("post")) } default: { w.Write([]byte(r.Method)) } } fmt.Println("end---") }
package main import ( "encoding/json" "fmt" "io" "log" "net/http" "strings" ) type Data struct { Name string `json:"name"` Age int8 `json:"age"` } func main() { //resp, _ := http.Get("http://www.baidu.com") //fmt.Println(resp) resp, _ := http.Get("http://127.0.0.1:8000/go") ResponseHandler(resp) fmt.Println("----") data := &Data{ Name: "hello", Age: 18, } // 转换成json格式 data_json, err := json.Marshal(data) if err != nil { log.Println("json.Marshaler error: ", err) } fmt.Println(string(data_json)) resp, _ = http.Post("http://127.0.0.1:8000/go", "application/json", strings.NewReader(string(data_json))) ResponseHandler(resp) } func ResponseHandler(resp *http.Response) { defer resp.Body.Close() // 200 OK fmt.Println(resp.Status) fmt.Println(resp.Header) buf := make([]byte, 1024) for { // 接收服务端信息 n, err := resp.Body.Read(buf) if err != nil && err != io.EOF { fmt.Println(err) return } else { fmt.Println("读取完毕") res := string(buf[:n]) fmt.Println(res) break } } }
结果
> go run .\server.go 127.0.0.1:54856 连接成功 method: GET url: /go header: map[Accept-Encoding:[gzip] User-Agent:[Go-http-client/1.1]] body: {} end--- 127.0.0.1:54856 连接成功 method: POST url: /go header: map[Accept-Encoding:[gzip] Content-Length:[25] Content-Type:[application/json] User-Agent:[Go-http-client/1.1]] body: &{0xc0000b6048 <nil> <nil> false true {0 0} false false false 0x475080} post body: {"name":"hello","age":18} end---
> go run .\client.go 200 OK map[Content-Length:[3] Content-Type:[text/plain; charset=utf-8] Date:[Mon, 25 Apr 2022 17:17:31 GMT]] 读取完毕 get ---- {"name":"hello","age":18} 200 OK map[Content-Length:[4] Content-Type:[text/plain; charset=utf-8] Date:[Mon, 25 Apr 2022 17:17:31 GMT]] 读取完毕 post
http handler的格式模板
// HandleFunc registers the handler function for the given pattern // in the DefaultServeMux. // The documentation for ServeMux explains how patterns are matched. func HandleFunc(pattern string, handler func(ResponseWriter, *Request)) { DefaultServeMux.HandleFunc(pattern, handler) }
