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本文演示了一些可用于查询和操作数组类型(甚至是多维数组)的内置函数。在我们需要信息或操作我们用不同维度启动的数组的情况下,这些函数非常有用。这些函数在头文件 中定义。一些功能包括:
- is_array() : 顾名思义,此函数的唯一目的是检查变量是否为数组类型。这里值得注意的是,根据此函数,即使是 std::array 也不被视为数组。如果类型是数组,则“value”成员常量返回true,否则返回false。
- is_same(): 此函数用于检查类型关系,如果两个类型具有完全相同的特征,则返回 true。如果类型相同,则“value”成员常量返回 true,否则返回 false。
// 演示is_array()和is_same()工作的C++代码 #include<type_traits> #include<iostream> #include<array> #include<string> using namespace std; int main() { // 使用is_array检查哪个是数组 cout << "Is Integer an array? : " << is_array<int>::value << endl; cout << "Is Array an array? : " << is_array<int[10]>::value << endl; cout << "Is 2D Array an array? : " << is_array<int[10][10]>::value << endl; cout << "Is String an array? : " << is_array<string>::value << endl; cout << "Is Character Array an array? : " << is_array<char[10]>::value << endl; cout << "Is Array class type an array? : " << is_array<array<int,3>>::value << endl; cout << endl; // 使用is_same()检查相同类型 cout << "Is 2D array same as 1D array? : " << is_same<int[10],int[10][10]>::value << endl; cout << "Is Character array same as Integer array? : " << is_same<int[10],char[10]>::value << endl; cout << "Is 1D array same as 1D array (Different sizes) ? : " << is_same<int[10],int[20]>::value << endl; cout << "Is 1D array same as 1D array? (Same sizes): " << is_same<int[10],int[10]>::value << endl; return 0; } 复制代码
- 输出:
Is Integer an array? : 0 Is Array an array? : 1 Is 2D Array an array? : 1 Is String an array? : 0 Is Character Array an array? : 1 Is Array class type an array? : 0 Is 2D array same as 1D array? : 0 Is Character array same as Integer array? : 0 Is 1D array same as 1D array (Different sizes) ? : 0 Is 1D array same as 1D array? (Same sizes): 1 复制代码
- 等级() : 这是一个属性查询函数,它返回数组的秩。秩表示数组的维度。值成员常量返回对象的秩。
// 演示rank()工作的C++代码 #include<type_traits> // 用于数组查询函数 #include<iostream> using namespace std; int main() { // 检查不同类型的等级 cout << "The rank of integer is : " << rank<int>::value << endl; cout << "The rank of 1D integer array is : " << rank<int[10]>::value << endl; cout << "The rank of 2D integer array is : " << rank<int[20][10]>::value << endl; cout << "The rank of 3D integer array is : " << rank<int[20][10][40]>::value << endl; cout << "The rank of 1D character array is : " << rank<char[10]>::value << endl; cout << endl; } 复制代码
输出:
The rank of integer is : 0 The rank of 1D integer array is : 1 The rank of 2D integer array is : 2 The rank of 3D integer array is : 3 The rank of 1D character array is : 1 复制代码
- extent(): 范围和移除范围都是复合类型更改,可应用于C++中的数组。此函数返
- 回数组特定维度的大小。此函数接受两个参数,数组类型和必须找到其大小的维度。这也具有打印值的成员常量值。
- remove_extent() : 此函数删除声明的矩阵/数组中左侧的第一个维度。
- remove_all_extents(): 此函数删除矩阵/数组的所有维度并将其转换为基本数据类型。
// C++代码演示extent()、remove_extentt()和remove_all_extents()的工作 #include<type_traits> // 用于数组查询函数 #include<iostream> using namespace std; int main() { // 检查不同类型的范围(使用范围) cout << "The extent of 1st dimension of 3D integer array is : " ; cout << extent<int[20][10][40],0>::value << endl; cout << "The extent of 2nd dimension of 3D integer array is : " ; cout << extent<int[20][10][40],1>::value << endl; cout << "The extent of 3rd dimension of 3D integer array is : " ; cout << extent<int[20][10][40],2>::value << endl; cout << "The extent of 4th dimension of 3D integer array is : " ; cout << extent<int[20][10][40],3>::value << endl; cout << endl; // 正在删除类型的范围 cout << "The rank after removing 1 extent is : " ; cout << rank<remove_extent<int[20][10][30]>::type>::value << endl; //删除左侧的第一个维度 cout << "The extent of 1st after removing 1 extent is : " ; cout << extent<remove_extent<int[20][10][30]>::type>::value << endl; cout << endl; // 删除类型的所有范围 cout << "The rank after removing all extents is : " ; cout << rank<remove_all_extents<int[20][10][30]>::type>::value << endl; // 删除所有范围 cout << "The extent of 1st after removing all extents is : " ; cout << extent<remove_all_extents<int[20][10][30]>::type>::value << endl; cout << endl; } 复制代码
输出:
The extent of 1st dimension of 3D integer array is : 20 The extent of 2nd dimension of 3D integer array is : 10 The extent of 3rd dimension of 3D integer array is : 40 The extent of 4th dimension of 3D integer array is : 0 The rank after removing 1 extent is : 2 The extent of 1st after removing 1 extent is : 10 The rank after removing all extents is : 0 The extent of 1st after removing all extents is : 0 复制代码
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