4、@ConfigurationProperties 与@Value 区别
属性名匹配规则
person.firstName person.first-name person.first_name PERSON_FIRST_NAME
package com.mouday.bean; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.util.Date; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; /** * 将配置文件中的属性映射到这个组件中 */ @Component // @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person") public class Person { /** * <bean class="Person"> * <property name="name" value="Tom" /> * </bean> * * value 支持 * 字面量 * ${key}从环境变量，配置文件中获取值 * #{SpEL}表达式 */ @Value("Tom") private String name; @Value("#{12*2}") private Integer age; @Value("true") private Boolean sex; @Value("${person.birth}") private Date birth; private Map<String, Object> maps; private List<String> lists; private Dog dog; /** * 略setter/getter toString() */ }
打印结果
Person{name='Tom', age=24, sex=true, birth=Tue Dec 12 00:00:00 CST 2017, maps=null, lists=null, dog=null} • 1 • 2
配置文件注入值数据校验
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email; import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated; @Component @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person") @Validated public class Person { @Email private String name; }
使用方式
- 只是在某个业务逻辑中获取一个配置文件中的某项值，使用@Value
- 专门编写一个 javaBean 来映射配置文件，那么使用@ConfigurationProperties
@Value 用法示例
package com.mouday.controller; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @Controller @RestController public class HelloController { @Value("${person.name}") private String name; @RequestMapping("/hello") @ResponseBody public String hello(){ return "Hello world! " + this.name; } }
5、@PropertySource、@ImportResource、@Bean
@ConfigurationProperties 默认加载全局配置
5.1、@PropertySource 加载指定配置文件
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource; @Component // @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person") @PropertySource(value = {"classpath:person.properties"}) public class Person {}
5.2、@ImportResource 导入 Spring 配置文件
src/main/resources/beans.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean name="dog" class="com.mouday.bean.Dog"/> </beans>
@ImportResource 标注在配置类上
package com.mouday; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource; @ImportResource(value = {"classpath:beans.xml"}) @SpringBootApplication public class ApplicationMain { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ApplicationMain.class, args); } }
测试方法
package com.mouday; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest public class DemoApplicationTests { @Autowired private ApplicationContext context; @Test public void TestDog(){ System.out.println(this.context.containsBean("dog")); } }
5.3、@Bean 用于配置类中给容器添加组件
package com.mouday.config; import com.mouday.bean.Dog; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; /** * @Configuration 指明当前类是一个配置类 * 替代Spring的配置文件 */ @Configuration public class MyConfig { // 将方法的返回值添加到容器，容器中组件默认id是方法名 @Bean public Dog dog(){ return new Dog(); } }
Spring 推荐使用全注解方式给容器添加组件
6、配置文件占位符
RandomValuePropertySource 配置文件中可以使用随机数
${random.value} ${random.int} ${random.uuid} ${random.long} ${random.int(10)} ${random.int[1024,65536]}
属性配置占位符
app.name=MyApp app.description=${app.name:默认值}
7、Profile 多环境支持
Profile 对不同环境提供不同配置功能的支持
1、多 Profile 文件
application-{profile}.properties
默认使用
application.properties
通过 spring.profiles.active=prod 指定配置文件
eg:
application.properties
server.port=8080
spring.profiles.active=prod
application-dev.properties
server.port=8081
application-prod.properties
server.port=8082
2、yaml 文档块模式
application.yml
server: port: 8080 spring: profiles: active: dev --- server: port: 8081 spring: profiles: dev --- server: port: 8082 spring: profiles: prod
3、激活方式
1、命令行 --spring.profiles.active=dev 2、配置文件 spring.profiles.active=dev 3、jvm参数 -Dspring.profiles.active=dev
