"
下面代码里无锁和有锁比是更好的实现吗?我用jmeter每秒20个请求,无锁代码执行test()
里的sleep操作的输出大部分与500毫秒差别巨大,而有锁代码的输出基本就是500毫秒相差1,2毫秒的样子,这个问题很怪异啊....
@Controller @RequestMapping("/bench/") public class BenchController {
@Autowired
private FlowService flowService;
private static Object[] lockObj;
private static AtomicReference<Integer>[] locks;
static {
lockObj = new Object[100];
for (int i = 0; i < lockObj.length; i++) {
lockObj[i] = new Object();
}
locks = new AtomicReference[100];
for (int i = 0; i < locks.length; i++) {
locks[i] = new AtomicReference<Integer>(null);
}
}
@RequestMapping("a")
@ResponseBody
public long a(int id) throws Exception {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
int index = id % 100;
long inner=0;
synchronized (lockObj[index]) {
inner=test();
}
long result = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
System.out.println("all: "+result+" inner: "+inner);
return result;
}
@RequestMapping("b")
@ResponseBody
public long b(int id) throws Exception {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
AtomicReference<Integer> lock=locks[id % 100];
while (!lock.compareAndSet(null, id)) {}
long inner=test();
boolean flag=lock.compareAndSet(id, null);
long result = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
System.out.println("all: "+result+" inner: "+inner+" flag:"+flag);
return result;
}
public long test()throws Exception{
long innerstart = System.currentTimeMillis();
Thread.sleep(500);
System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()-innerstart);
return System.currentTimeMillis()-innerstart;
}
}
"
"
1.首先,明确两个问题,synchronized 一般不是跟AtomicXX类进行比较,更多的是跟ReentrantLock这个类进行比较,网上关于这2者的比较很多,可以自行google之。
2.问题中关于无锁跟有锁的疑问,测试代码b中的代码是有问题的,
对于方法a,synchronized代码块来说,锁被第一个进来的线程持有后,后续线程请求获取锁会被阻塞挂起,直到前面一个线程释放锁,后续的线程会恢复执行,由于锁的存在,20个请求类似于顺序执行,这一层由jvm调度
对于方法b,cas操作是非阻塞的,方法中的while循环其实是一直在执行(不断尝试进行cas操作),而我们知道,死循环是会消耗cpu资源的,并发数越多,线程越多,此处的cas操作越多,必然导致cpu使用率飙升,方法b中的代码由jmeter测试的时候理论上来说应该一直由20个活跃的工作线程存在,cpu与线程模型是另外一个话题,线程数的调优是jvm一个比较高级的话题,感兴趣可以自行google之
说说ReentrantLock与synchronized:通常情况下在高并发下,ReentrantLock比synchronized拥有更好的性能,而且ReentrantLock提供来一些synchronized并不提供的功能(锁超时自动放弃等),示例代码中可以减少sleep的时间,从而模拟更短停顿,更高的并发,500ms对于人来说很短,对于cpu来说基本就是天文数字了,基本用“慢如蜗牛”来形容也不为过,修改类一下示例代码:
package com.gzs.learn.springboot;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/bench/")
public class BenchController {
private Random random = new Random();
private static Object[] lockObj;
private static AtomicReference<Integer>[] locks;
private static ReentrantLock[] reentrantLocks;
static {
lockObj = new Object[100];
for (int i = 0; i < lockObj.length; i++) {
lockObj[i] = new Object();
}
locks = new AtomicReference[100];
for (int i = 0; i < locks.length; i++) {
locks[i] = new AtomicReference<Integer>(null);
}
reentrantLocks = new ReentrantLock[100];
for (int i = 0; i < reentrantLocks.length; i++) {
reentrantLocks[i] = new ReentrantLock();
}
}
@RequestMapping("a/{id}")
@ResponseBody
public long a(@PathVariable("id") int id) throws Exception {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
int index = id % 100;
long inner = 0;
synchronized (lockObj[index]) {
inner = test();
}
long result = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
System.out.println("all: " + result + " inner: " + inner);
return result;
}
@RequestMapping("b/{id}")
@ResponseBody
public long b(@PathVariable("id") int id) throws Exception {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
id = id % 100;
AtomicReference<Integer> lock = locks[id];
int b = 0;
while (!lock.compareAndSet(null, id)) {
b = 1 + 1;
}
long inner = test();
boolean flag = lock.compareAndSet(id, null);
long result = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
System.out.println("all: " + result + " inner: " + inner + " flag:" + flag);
System.out.println(b);
return result;
}
@RequestMapping("c/{id}")
@ResponseBody
public long c(@PathVariable("id") int id) throws Exception {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
id = id % 100;
ReentrantLock lock = reentrantLocks[id];
lock.lock();
long inner = test();
lock.unlock();
long result = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
System.out.println("all: " + result + " inner: " + inner);
return result;
}
public long test() throws Exception {
long innerstart = System.currentTimeMillis();
Thread.sleep(0, 100);
// Thread.sleep(500);
System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis() - innerstart);
return System.currentTimeMillis() - innerstart;
}
}
方法c是用ReentrantLock实现的,绝大多少情况下ReentrantLock比synchronized高效
juc(java.util.concurrent)中的核心类Aqs(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer)是一个基于队列的 并发包,默认线程在锁竞争(自旋)超过1000纳秒的时候会被park(挂起操作),从而减少cpu频繁的线程切换,可以尝试调整方法c中的sleep的时间参数。
测试方法,本机没有装jmeter,用apache ab做的测试,测试命令:
ab -n 100 -c 20 http://localhost:8080/bench/a/10
"版权声明:本文内容由阿里云实名注册用户自发贡献,版权归原作者所有,阿里云开发者社区不拥有其著作权,亦不承担相应法律责任。具体规则请查看《阿里云开发者社区用户服务协议》和《阿里云开发者社区知识产权保护指引》。如果您发现本社区中有涉嫌抄袭的内容,填写侵权投诉表单进行举报,一经查实,本社区将立刻删除涉嫌侵权内容。