短信服务的请求签名有哪些？

对于每一次HTTP或者HTTPS协议请求，我们会根据访问中的签名信息验证访问请求者身份。具体由使用AccessKeyID和AccessKeySecret对称加密验证实现。其中AccessKeyID是访问者身份，AccessKeySecret是加密签名字符串和服务器端验证签名字符串的密钥，必须严格保密谨防泄露。 1. 指定请求参数 在代码中指定请求参数，参数中需要包含公共请求头和接口必备的参数信息。 说明 请求参数中不允许出现以Signature为key的参数。 示例代码如下：

String accessKeyId = "testId"; String accessSecret = "testSecret"; java.text.SimpleDateFormat df = new java.text.SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss'Z'"); df.setTimeZone(new java.util.SimpleTimeZone(0, "GMT"));// 这里一定要设置GMT时区 java.util.Map<String, String> paras = new java.util.HashMap<String, String>();

指定参数：

paras.put("SignatureMethod", "HMAC-SHA1"); paras.put("SignatureNonce", java.util.UUID.randomUUID().toString()); paras.put("AccessKeyId", accessKeyId); paras.put("SignatureVersion", "1.0"); paras.put("Timestamp", df.format(new java.util.Date())); paras.put("Format", "XML"); paras.put("Action", "SendSms"); paras.put("Version", "2017-05-25"); paras.put("RegionId", "cn-hangzhou"); paras.put("PhoneNumbers", "15300000001"); paras.put("SignName", "阿里云短信测试专用"); paras.put("TemplateParam", "{"customer":"test"}"); paras.put("TemplateCode", "SMS_71390007"); paras.put("OutId", "123");

去除签名关键字Key：

if (paras.containsKey("Signature")) paras.remove("Signature");

1. 根据参数Key排序（顺序） 参考代码如下：

java.util.TreeMap<String, String> sortParas = new java.util.TreeMap<String, String>(); .sortParas.putAll(paras);

1. 构造待签名的请求串 首先介绍下面会用到的特殊URL编码这个是POP特殊的一种规则，即在一般的URLEncode后再增加三种字符替换：加号 （+）替换成 %20、星号 （*）替换成 %2A、 %7E 替换回波浪号 （~）参考代码如下：

public static String specialUrlEncode(String value) throws Exception { return java.net.URLEncoder.encode(value, "UTF-8").replace("+", "%20").replace("*", "%2A").replace("%7E", "~"); }

构造待签名的请求串：

把排序后的参数顺序拼接成如下格式：

* specialUrlEncode(参数Key) + "=" + specialUrlEncode(参数值)

参考代码如下：

java.util.Iterator<String> it = sortParas.keySet().iterator();
StringBuilder sortQueryStringTmp = new StringBuilder();
while (it.hasNext()) {
    String key = it.next();
    sortQueryStringTmp.append("&").append(specialUrlEncode(key)).append("=").append(specialUrlEncode(paras.get(key)));
}
String sortedQueryString = sortQueryStringTmp.substring(1);// 去除第一个多余的&符号

打印上面的 sortQueryString。结果如下：

AccessKeyId=testId&Action=SendSms&Format=XML&OutId=123&PhoneNumbers=15300000001&RegionId=cn-hangzhou&SignName=%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%91%E7%9F%AD%E4%BF%A1%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E4%B8%93%E7%94%A8&SignatureMethod=HMAC-SHA1&SignatureNonce=45e25e9b-0a6f-4070-8c85-2956eda1b466&SignatureVersion=1.0&TemplateCode=SMS_71390007&TemplateParam=%7B%22customer%22%3A%22test%22%7D&Timestamp=2017-07-12T02%3A42%3A19Z&Version=2017-05-25

对应的未URL编码的值（方便用户对比）：

AccessKeyId=testId&Action=SendSms&Format=XML&OutId=123&PhoneNumbers=15300000001&RegionId=cn-hangzhou&SignName=阿里云短信测试专用&SignatureMethod=HMAC-SHA1&SignatureNonce=45e25e9b-0a6f-4070-8c85-2956eda1b466&SignatureVersion=1.0&TemplateCode=SMS_71390007&TemplateParam={"customer":"test"}&Timestamp=2017-07-12T02:42:19Z&Version=2017-05-25

按POP的签名规则拼接成最终的待签名串。
规则如下：

* HTTPMethod + “&” + specialUrlEncode(“/”) + ”&” + specialUrlEncode(sortedQueryString)

参考代码如下：

StringBuilder stringToSign = new StringBuilder();
stringToSign.append("GET").append("&");
stringToSign.append(specialUrlEncode("/")).append("&");
stringToSign.append(specialUrlEncode(sortedQueryString));

这就完成了待签名的请求字符串。打印结果如下：

GET&%2F&AccessKeyId%3DtestId%26Action%3DSendSms%26Format%3DXML%26OutId%3D123%26PhoneNumbers%3D15300000001%26RegionId%3Dcn-hangzhou%26SignName%3D%25E9%2598%25BF%25E9%2587%258C%25E4%25BA%2591%25E7%259F%25AD%25E4%25BF%25A1%25E6%25B5%258B%25E8%25AF%2595%25E4%25B8%2593%25E7%2594%25A8%26SignatureMethod%3DHMAC-SHA1%26SignatureNonce%3D45e25e9b-0a6f-4070-8c85-2956eda1b466%26SignatureVersion%3D1.0%26TemplateCode%3DSMS_71390007%26TemplateParam%3D%257B%2522customer%2522%253A%2522test%2522%257D%26Timestamp%3D2017-07-12T02%253A42%253A19Z%26Version%3D2017-05-25

1. 签名 签名采用HmacSHA1算法 + Base64，编码采用UTF-8。参考代码如下：

String sign = sign(accessSecret + "&", stringToSign.toString()); public static String sign(String accessSecret, String stringToSign) throws Exception { javax.crypto.Mac mac = javax.crypto.Mac.getInstance("HmacSHA1"); mac.init(new javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec(accessSecret.getBytes("UTF-8"), "HmacSHA1")); byte[] signData = mac.doFinal(stringToSign.getBytes("UTF-8")); return new sun.misc.BASE64Encoder().encode(signData); }

参数说明：

accessSecret：你的AccessKeyId对应的秘钥AccessSecret，特别说明：POP要求需要后面多加一个“&”字符，即accessSecret + “&”
stringToSign：即第三步生成的待签名请求串

签名后的结果打印如下：

zJDF+Lrzhj/ThnlvIToysFRq6t4=

1. 增加签名结果到请求参数中，发送请求 说明 签名也要做特殊URL编码。

String Signature = specialUrlEncode(sign);// zJDF%2BLrzhj%2FThnlvIToysFRq6t4%3D

最终完整的GET请求HTTP为：

http://dysmsapi.aliyuncs.com/?Signature=zJDF%2BLrzhj%2FThnlvIToysFRq6t4%3D&AccessKeyId=testId&Action=SendSms&Format=XML&OutId=123&PhoneNumbers=15300000001&RegionId=cn-hangzhou&SignName=%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%91%E7%9F%AD%E4%BF%A1%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E4%B8%93%E7%94%A8&SignatureMethod=HMAC-SHA1&SignatureNonce=45e25e9b-0a6f-4070-8c85-2956eda1b466&SignatureVersion=1.0&TemplateCode=SMS_71390007&TemplateParam=%7B%22customer%22%3A%22test%22%7D&Timestamp=2017-07-12T02%3A42%3A19Z&Version=2017-05-25

JAVA示例 完整的Java签名Demo代码：

public class SignDemo { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { String accessKeyId = "testId"; String accessSecret = "testSecret"; java.text.SimpleDateFormat df = new java.text.SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss'Z'"); df.setTimeZone(new java.util.SimpleTimeZone(0, "GMT"));// 这里一定要设置GMT时区 java.util.Map<String, String> paras = new java.util.HashMap<String, String>(); // 1. 系统参数 paras.put("SignatureMethod", "HMAC-SHA1"); paras.put("SignatureNonce", java.util.UUID.randomUUID().toString()); paras.put("AccessKeyId", accessKeyId); paras.put("SignatureVersion", "1.0"); paras.put("Timestamp", df.format(new java.util.Date())); paras.put("Format", "XML"); // 2. 业务API参数 paras.put("Action", "SendSms"); paras.put("Version", "2017-05-25"); paras.put("RegionId", "cn-hangzhou"); paras.put("PhoneNumbers", "15300000001"); paras.put("SignName", "阿里云短信测试专用"); paras.put("TemplateParam", "{"customer":"test"}"); paras.put("TemplateCode", "SMS_71390007"); paras.put("OutId", "123"); // 3. 去除签名关键字Key if (paras.containsKey("Signature")) paras.remove("Signature"); // 4. 参数KEY排序 java.util.TreeMap<String, String> sortParas = new java.util.TreeMap<String, String>(); sortParas.putAll(paras); // 5. 构造待签名的字符串 java.util.Iterator it = sortParas.keySet().iterator(); StringBuilder sortQueryStringTmp = new StringBuilder(); while (it.hasNext()) { String key = it.next(); sortQueryStringTmp.append("&").append(specialUrlEncode(key)).append("=").append(specialUrlEncode(paras.get(key))); } String sortedQueryString = sortQueryStringTmp.substring(1);// 去除第一个多余的&符号 StringBuilder stringToSign = new StringBuilder(); stringToSign.append("GET").append("&"); stringToSign.append(specialUrlEncode("/")).append("&"); stringToSign.append(specialUrlEncode(sortedQueryString)); String sign = sign(accessSecret + "&", stringToSign.toString()); // 6. 签名最后也要做特殊URL编码 String signature = specialUrlEncode(sign); System.out.println(paras.get("SignatureNonce")); System.out.println("\r\n=========\r\n"); System.out.println(paras.get("Timestamp")); System.out.println("\r\n=========\r\n"); System.out.println(sortedQueryString); System.out.println("\r\n=========\r\n"); System.out.println(stringToSign.toString()); System.out.println("\r\n=========\r\n"); System.out.println(sign); System.out.println("\r\n=========\r\n"); System.out.println(signature); System.out.println("\r\n=========\r\n"); // 最终打印出合法GET请求的URL System.out.println("http://dysmsapi.aliyuncs.com/?Signature=" + signature + sortQueryStringTmp); } public static String specialUrlEncode(String value) throws Exception { return java.net.URLEncoder.encode(value, "UTF-8").replace("+", "%20").replace("*", "%2A").replace("%7E", "~"); } public static String sign(String accessSecret, String stringToSign) throws Exception { javax.crypto.Mac mac = javax.crypto.Mac.getInstance("HmacSHA1"); mac.init(new javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec(accessSecret.getBytes("UTF-8"), "HmacSHA1")); byte[] signData = mac.doFinal(stringToSign.getBytes("UTF-8")); return new sun.misc.BASE64Encoder().encode(signData); } } `