实战！Python 30 行代码画各种 3D 图形

import matplotlib.path as mpath
import matplotlib.patches as mpatches
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
#定义绘图指令与控制点坐标
Path = mpath.Path
# Path 控制坐标点绘制贝塞尔曲线
# 图形数据构造
# MOVETO表示将绘制起点移动到指定坐标
# CURVE4表示使用4个控制点绘制3次贝塞尔曲线
# CURVE3表示使用3个控制点绘制2次贝塞尔曲线
# LINETO表示从当前位置绘制直线到指定位置
# CLOSEPOLY表示从当前位置绘制直线到指定位置，并闭合多边形
path_data = [
    (Path.MOVETO, (1.88, -2.57)),
    (Path.CURVE4, (0.35, -1.1)),
    (Path.CURVE4, (-1.75, 1.5)),
    (Path.CURVE4, (0.375, 2.0)),
    (Path.LINETO, (0.85, 1.15)),
    (Path.CURVE4, (2.2, 3.2)),
    (Path.CURVE4, (3, 0.05)),
    (Path.CURVE4, (2.0, -1.5)),
    (Path.CLOSEPOLY, (1.58, -2.57)),
    ]
codes,verts = zip(*path_data)
path = mpath.Path(verts, codes)
patch = mpatches.PathPatch(path, facecolor='r', alpha=0.5)
ax.add_patch(patch)
# plot control points and connecting lines
x, y = zip(*path.vertices)
line, = ax.plot(x, y, 'go-')
ax.grid()
ax.axis('equal')
plt.show()

from matplotlib import cm
from matplotlib.ticker import LinearLocator, FormatStrFormatter
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import cm
from matplotlib.ticker import LinearLocator, FormatStrFormatter
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import numpy as np
fig = plt.figure()
# 指定图形类型是 3d 类型
ax = fig.add_subplot(projection='3d')
# 构造数据
X = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)
Y = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
R = np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2)
Z = np.sin(R)
# Plot the surface.
surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, cmap=cm.coolwarm,
                       linewidth=0, antialiased=False)
# Customize the z axis.
ax.set_zlim(-1.01, 1.01)
ax.zaxis.set_major_locator(LinearLocator(10))
ax.zaxis.set_major_formatter(FormatStrFormatter('%.02f'))
# Add a color bar which maps values to colors.
fig.colorbar(surf, shrink=0.5, aspect=5)
plt.show()

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
fig = plt.figure()
# 指定图形类型为 3d 类型
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
# X, Y value
X = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)
Y = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)
# 设置 x-y 平面的网格
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
R = np.sqrt(X ** 2 + Y ** 2)
# height value
Z = np.sin(R)
# rstride:行之间的跨度  cstride:列之间的跨度
# rcount:设置间隔个数，默认50个，ccount:列的间隔个数  不能与上面两个参数同时出现
#vmax和vmin  颜色的最大值和最小值
ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=plt.get_cmap('rainbow'))
# zdir : 'z' | 'x' | 'y' 表示把等高线图投射到哪个面
# offset : 表示等高线图投射到指定页面的某个刻度
ax.contourf(X,Y,Z,zdir='z',offset=-2)
# 设置图像z轴的显示范围，x、y轴设置方式相同
ax.set_zlim(-2,2)
plt.show()

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
# 依次获取画布和绘图区并创建 Axes3D 对象
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
# 第一条3D线性图数据
theta = np.linspace(-4 * np.pi, 4 * np.pi, 100)
z1 = np.linspace(-2, 2, 100)
r = z1**2 + 1
x1 = r * np.sin(theta)
y1 = r * np.cos(theta)
# 第二条3D线性图数据
z2 = np.linspace(-3, 3, 100)
x2 = np.sin(z2)
y2 = np.cos(z2)
# 绘制3D线性图
ax.plot(x1, y1, z1, color='b', label='3D Line1')
ax.plot(x2, y2, z2, color='r', label='3D Line2')
# 设置标题、轴标签、图例，也可以直接使用 plt.title、plt.xlabel、plt.legend...
ax.set_title('3D Line View', pad=15, fontsize='10')
ax.set_xlabel('x ', color='r', fontsize='14')
ax.set_ylabel('y ', color='g', fontsize='14')
ax.set_zlabel('z ', color='b', fontsize='14')
ax.legend()
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
def randrange(n, vmin, vmax):
    return (vmax - vmin) * np.random.rand(n) + vmin
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
n = 100
# For each set of style and range settings, plot n random points in the box
# defined by x in [23, 32], y in [0, 100], z in [zlow, zhigh].
for c, m, zlow, zhigh in [('r', 'o', -50, -25), ('b', '^', -30, -5)]:
    xs = randrange(n, 23, 32)
    ys = randrange(n, 0, 100)
    zs = randrange(n, zlow, zhigh)
    ax.scatter(xs, ys, zs, c=c, marker=m)
ax.set_title('3D Diagram View', pad=15, fontsize='10')
ax.set_xlabel('x ', color='r', fontsize='14')
ax.set_ylabel('y ', color='g', fontsize='14')
ax.set_zlabel('z ', color='b', fontsize='14')
plt.show()