MariaDB MySQL软件包
以下是三个主要的MariaDB包：
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mariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 - 这包含几个MySQL客户端程序和实用程序。
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mariadb-server-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 - 这是主要的MariaDB MySQL数据库服务器。
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mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 - 包含客户机程序界面所需的共享库。
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# yum info mariadb-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: repos-va.psychz.net
* extras: linux.cc.lehigh.edu
* updates: mirror.us.leaseweb.net
Available Packages
Name : mariadb-server
Arch : x86_64
Epoch : 1
Version : 5.5.52
Release : 1.el7
Size : 11 M
Repo : base
/7/x86_64
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2.安装MariaDB MySQL服务器
使用yum install安装如下所示的MariaDB MySQL服务器软件包。
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＃yum
install
mariadb-server
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此时，在这个服务器上，已经安装了mariadb-server以及以下依赖的包。
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mariadb-server.x86_64 1：5.5.52-1.el7
mariadb-libs.x86_64 1：5.5.52-1.el7
mariadb.x86_64 1：5.5.52-1.el7
libaio.x86_64 0：0.3.109-13.el7
perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0：4.023-5.el7
perl-DBI.x86_64 0：1.627-4.el7
perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0：2.061-3.el7
perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1：2.061-4.el7
perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64 0：2.145-3.el7
perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0：2.061-2.el7
perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0：0.48-5.el7
perl-plRPC.noarch 0：0.2020-14.el7
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验证确保这已经安装了三个重要的MariaDB mysql包。
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＃rpm -qa |
grep
-i maria
mariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
mariadb-server-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
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3.启动MariaDB数据库
如下所示，mariadb数据库服务器模块已加载，但尚未启动。
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# systemctl status mariadb
? mariadb.service - MariaDB database server
Loaded: loaded (
/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb
.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
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使用systemctl启动MariaDB mysql服务器，如下：
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＃systemctl start mariadb
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验证systemctl状态以确保mariadb数据库服务器已成功启动
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# systemctl status mariadb
? mariadb.service - MariaDB database server
Loaded: loaded (
/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb
.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2017-06-26 18:26:35 UTC; 13s ago
Process: 4049 ExecStartPost=
/usr/libexec/mariadb-wait-ready
$MAINPID (code=exited, status=0
/SUCCESS
)
Process: 3969 ExecStartPre=
/usr/libexec/mariadb-prepare-db-dir
%n (code=exited, status=0
/SUCCESS
)
Main PID: 4048 (mysqld_safe)
CGroup:
/system
.slice
/mariadb
.service
+-4048
/bin/sh
/usr/bin/mysqld_safe
--basedir=
/usr
+-4206
/usr/libexec/mysqld
--basedir=
/usr
--datadir=
/var/lib/mysql
--plugin-
dir
=
/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin
--log-error=
/var/log/mariadb/ma
...
Aug 15 15:20:30 deploy mariadb-prepare-db-
dir
[3969]: The latest information about MariaDB is available at http:
//mariadb
.org/.
Aug 15 15:20:30 deploy mariadb-prepare-db-
dir
[3969]: You can
find
additional information about the MySQL part at:
Aug 15 15:20:30 deploy mariadb-prepare-db-
dir
[3969]: http:
//dev
.mysql.com
Aug 15 15:20:30 deploy mariadb-prepare-db-
dir
[3969]: Support MariaDB development by buying support
/new
features from MariaDB
Aug 15 15:20:30 deploy mariadb-prepare-db-
dir
[3969]: Corporation Ab. You can contact us about this at sales@mariadb.com.
Aug 15 15:20:30 deploy mariadb-prepare-db-
dir
[3969]: Alternatively consider joining our community based development effort:
Aug 15 15:20:30 deploy mariadb-prepare-db-
dir
[3969]: http:
//mariadb
.com
/kb/en/contributing-to-the-mariadb-project/
Aug 15 15:20:30 deploy mysqld_safe[4048]: 170601 15:20:33 mysqld_safe Logging to
'/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log'
.
Aug 15 15:20:30 deploy mysqld_safe[4048]: 170601 15:20:33 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from
/var/lib/mysql
Aug 15 15:20:35 deploy systemd[1]: Started MariaDB database server.
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4.连接并验证MariaDB Server
使用如下所示的mysql命令使用mysql的root用户连接到数据库
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# mysql -u root
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection
id
is 2
Server version: 5.5.52-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type
'help;'
or
'\h'
for
help. Type
'\c'
to
clear
the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]>
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以下show database命令将显示默认的mysql数据库。
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MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
|
test
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+--------------------+
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5.执行MariaDB Post Installation步骤
从上方可以看出，默认情况下，安装不会为MySQL root帐户分配任何密码。
要设置mysql root用户密码并在数据库上执行其他安全配置，请执行如下所示的mysql_secure_installation脚本。
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# /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password
for
the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't
set
the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
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由于这是我们第一次运行此脚本，因此没有为mysql root帐户分配密码。所以，请在这里输入
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Enter current password
for
root (enter
for
none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
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在这个阶段，说“y”为MySQL根帐户分配密码。之后输入密码。
请注意，这个mysql root帐户与linux root帐户不同。所以，我们在这里设置mysql root帐号的密码，这与Linux root帐号无关。
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Set root password? [Y
/n
] y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
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作为默认安装的一部分，mysql安装匿名用户，无需真实用户即可登录数据库。所以我们应该删除这个用户
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Remove anonymous
users
? [Y
/n
] y
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'
. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
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可以想像，mysql root帐号将可以访问所有的mysql数据库。所以，保持这个安全是很重要的。此外，我们应该确保来自其他服务器的远程客户端不允许使用此mysql root帐户进行连接。
相反，只有本地主机（其中安装了mysql服务器）可以使用root帐户进行连接。所以我们应该远程禁止root登录。
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Disallow root login remotely? [Y
/n
] y
... Success!
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这是默认的测试数据库，我们应该删除它。
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Remove
test
database and access to it? [Y
/n
] y
- Dropping
test
database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on
test
database...
... Success!
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在这里输入y，以确保我们所做的所有更改将立即生效。
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Reload privilege tables now? [Y
/n
] y
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All
done
! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks
for
using MariaDB
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6.验证MySQL根访问
现在，如果您连接到没有root密码的Mysql，您将收到以下访问被拒绝的错误消息。
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# mysql -u root
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied
for
user
'root'
@
'localhost'
(using password: NO)
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要指定密码，请使用-p选项，如下所示。这将提示用户输入密码。
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# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
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另外，从下面的show databases命令可以看出，测试数据库现在被删除了。
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MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
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如果要在mysql命令行中传递密码，请在-p选项旁边指定，如下所示。
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# mysql -u root -pMySecurePassword
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注意：-p和密码之间没有空格。这可能会导致一些混淆，因为我们在-u和username之间有空格。但是，-p和密码之间没有空格。
本文转自 喵来个鱼 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/m51cto/1958672，如需转载请自行联系原作者
