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keepalived+lvs实现高可用的负载均衡

2017-11-12 934
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简介：

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keepalived

keepalived+lvs实现高可用的负载均衡

测试

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keepalived

  • keepalived一款轻量级高可用软件，工作于layer3, 4 & 5，不同于前几篇博文中的Heartbeat、Corosync等软件的实现机制不同，它采用虚拟路由冗余协议（Virual Router Redundancy Protocal）来实现并且完美的与lvs结合，由于底层使用虚拟路由冗余协议，因此Keepalived具有切换速度快的特点，工作在layer3的keepalived定期向服务器群组中发送ICMP数据包宣告自己存活与否，工作在layer3的keepalived支持以检测TCP端口状态的方式来判定后台Realserver故障与否，自动并将那些判定为故障的后台Realserver从ipvs规则中踢出，工作在layer5可以支持用户自动以脚本来实现相应的智能操作。此lvs也可以结合ldirectord来实现对后台realserver的动态监测，相对于keepalived来说ldirectord属于重量级别的，部署和使用的灵活程度没有前者方便，本文将介绍keepalived。

143521638.jpg


keepalived+lvs实现高可用的负载均衡

架构图：

170740188.png

realserver端脚本

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#!/bin/bash
#
# Script to start LVS DR real server.
# description: LVS DR real server
#
.   /etc/rc .d /init .d /functions
VIP=192.168.1.33
host=` /bin/hostname `
case  "$1"  in
start)
        # Start LVS-DR real server on this machine.
         /sbin/ifconfig  lo down
         /sbin/ifconfig  lo up
         echo  1 >  /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
         echo  2 >  /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
         echo  1 >  /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
         echo  2 >  /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
         /sbin/ifconfig  lo:0 $VIP broadcast $VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 up
         /sbin/route  add -host $VIP dev lo:0
;;
stop)
         # Stop LVS-DR real server loopback device(s).
         /sbin/ifconfig  lo:0 down
         echo  0 >  /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
         echo  0 >  /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
         echo  0 >  /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
         echo  0 >  /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
;;
status)
         # Status of LVS-DR real server.
         islothere=` /sbin/ifconfig  lo:0 |  grep  $VIP`
         isrothere=` netstat  -rn |  grep  "lo:0"  |  grep  $VIP`
         if  [ !  "$islothere"  -o !  "isrothere"  ]; then
             # Either the route or the lo:0 device
             # not found.
             echo  "LVS-DR real server Stopped."
         else
             echo  "LVS-DR real server Running."
         fi
;;
*)
             # Invalid entry.
             echo  "$0: Usage: $0 {start|status|stop}"
             exit  1
;;
esac

安装httpd并建立测试页面如下：

171816369.png

171832239.pngDirector端配置

安装ipvsadm和keepalived


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yum  install  ipvsadm
rpm -ivh  keepalived-1.2.7-5.el5.i386.rpm

director_master的配置vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf


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! Configuration File  for  keepalived
global_defs {
    notification_email {
         root@localhost    #报警收件人地址
    }
    notification_email_from root@localhost   #报警发件人地址
    smtp_server 127.0.0.1                    #设置smtp服务地址
    smtp_connect_timeout 30                  #设置连接smtp服务的超时时间
    router_id LVS_DEVEL                      #发送邮件的主体信息
}
vrrp_script chk_schedown {                  #自定义脚本
    script  "[ -e /etc/keepalived/down ] && exit 1 || exit 0"
    interval 1     #重试时间间隔
    weight -5      #减权重
    fall 2
    rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
     state MASTER              #制定keepalived角色
     interface eth0            #制定检测网络接口
     virtual_router_id 54      #虚拟路由标示码
     priority 100              #权重，1-255之间
     advert_int 1              #设置同步检查的时间间隔，单位是秒
     authentication {
         auth_type PASS        #验证类型为PASS
         auth_pass soulboy     #验证密码
     }
     virtual_ipaddress {
         192.168.1.33 /24  dev eth0 label eth0:0   #设置虚拟IP
     }
      track_script {
         chk_schedown
     }
     notify_master  "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh -n master -a 192.168.1.33"
     notify_backup  "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh -n backup -a 192.168.1.33"
     notify_fault  "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh -n fault -a 192.168.1.33"
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
}
virtual_server 192.168.1.33 80 {   #定义虚拟服务器
     delay_loop 6                   #设置健康检查时间
     lb_algo wrr                    #设置负载调度算法
     lb_kind DR                     #设置LVS工作模式
     nat_mask 255.255.255.0
     persistence_timeout 50 
     protocol TCP                   #设置转发协议的类型
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
     sorry_server 127.0.0.1 80      #设置紧急服务器
     real_server 192.168.1.10 80 {
         weight 1
         HTTP_GET {
             url {
               path /
                 status_code 200
             }
             connect_timeout 2
             nb_get_retry 3
             delay_before_retry 1
         }
}
     real_server 192.168.1.20 80 {
         weight 1
         HTTP_GET {
             url {
               path /
                 status_code 200
             }
             connect_timeout 2
             nb_get_retry 3
             delay_before_retry 1
                 }
         }
     }
}

director_backup的配置vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

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! Configuration File  for  keepalived
global_defs {
    notification_email {
         root@localhost
    }
    notification_email_from root@localhost
    smtp_server 127.0.0.1
    smtp_connect_timeout 30
    router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_schedown {
    script  "[ -e /etc/keepalived/down ] && exit 1 || exit 0"
    interval 1
    weight -5
    fall 2
    rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
     state BACKUP
     interface eth0
     virtual_router_id 54
     priority 99
     advert_int 1
     authentication {
         auth_type PASS
         auth_pass soulboy
     }
     virtual_ipaddress {
         192.168.1.33 /24  dev eth0 label eth0:0
     }
     track_script {
         chk_schedown
     }
     notify_master  "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh -n master -a 192.168.1.33"
     notify_backup  "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh -n backup -a 192.168.1.33"
     notify_fault  "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh -n fault -a 192.168.1.33"
}
virtual_server 192.168.1.33 80 {
     delay_loop 6
     lb_algo wrr
     lb_kind DR
     nat_mask 255.255.255.0
     persistence_timeout 50
     protocol TCP
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
     sorry_server 127.0.0.1 80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
     real_server 192.168.1.10 80 {
         weight 1
         HTTP_GET {
             url {
               path /
                 status_code 200
             }
             connect_timeout 2
             nb_get_retry 3
             delay_before_retry 1
         }
}
     real_server 192.168.1.20 80 {
         weight 1
         HTTP_GET {
             url {
               path /
                 status_code 200
             }
             connect_timeout 2
             nb_get_retry 3
             delay_before_retry 1
                 }
         }
     }
}

通知脚本vim /etc/keepalived/notify.sh

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#!/bin/bash
#
ifalias=${2:-eth0:0}
interface=$( echo  $ifalias |  awk  -F:  '{print $1}' )
vip=$(ip addr show $interface |  grep  $ifalias |  awk  '{print $2}' )
contact= 'root@localhost'
workspace=$( dirname  $0)
notify() {
     subject= "$ip change to $1"
     body= "$ip change to $1 $(date '+%F %H:%M:%S')"
     echo  $body | mail -s  "$1 transition"  $contact
}
case  "$1"  in
     master)
         notify master
         exit  0
     ;;
     backup)
         notify backup
         /etc/rc .d /init .d /httpd  restart
         exit  0
     ;;
     fault)
         notify fault
         exit  0
     ;;
     *)
         echo  'Usage: $(basename $0) {master|backup|fault}'
         exit  1
     ;;
esac


测试

启动director_master的keepalive服务并查看ipvs规则

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#####查看ipvs规则
[root@master ~] # ipvsadm -L -n
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
   -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  192.168.1.33:80 wrr
   -> 192.168.1.20:80              Route   1      0          0  
   -> 192.168.1.10:80              Route   1      0          0
#####查看网络信息
[root@master ~] # ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:C2:5E:01
           inet addr:192.168.1.61  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
           inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fec2:5e01 /64  Scope:Link
           UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
           RX packets:67996 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
           TX packets:116217 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
           RX bytes:15418633 (14.7 MiB)  TX bytes:8387202 (7.9 MiB)
           Interrupt:67 Base address:0x2024
eth0:0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:C2:5E:01
           inet addr:192.168.1.33  Bcast:0.0.0.0  Mask:255.255.255.0
           UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
           Interrupt:67 Base address:0x2024

启动director_backup的keepalive服务并查看ipvs规则

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#####查看ipvs规则
[root@backup ~] # ipvsadm -L -n
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
   -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  192.168.1.33:80 wrr
   -> 192.168.1.20:80              Route   1      0          0  
   -> 192.168.1.10:80              Route   1      0          0
#####查看网络信息
[root@backup ~] # ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:FA:52:D6
           inet addr:192.168.1.62  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
           inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fefa:52d6 /64  Scope:Link
           UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
           RX packets:115068 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
           TX packets:82940 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
           RX bytes:19740061 (18.8 MiB)  TX bytes:6476242 (6.1 MiB)
           Interrupt:67 Base address:0x2024

使用客户端访问VIP

173710121.png

173726998.png停止director_master的keepalived服务发现VIP消失

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[root@master ~] # service keepalived stop
Stopping keepalived:                                       [  OK  ]
[root@master ~] # ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:C2:5E:01
           inet addr:192.168.1.61  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
           inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fec2:5e01 /64  Scope:Link
           UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
           RX packets:69371 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
           TX packets:118587 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
           RX bytes:15609985 (14.8 MiB)  TX bytes:8588490 (8.1 MiB)
           Interrupt:67 Base address:0x2024

在director_backup查看网络信息，发现VIP已成功转移

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[root@backup ~] # ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:FA:52:D6
           inet addr:192.168.1.62  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
           inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fefa:52d6 /64  Scope:Link
           UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
           RX packets:116816 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
           TX packets:84293 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
           RX bytes:19932196 (19.0 MiB)  TX bytes:6597535 (6.2 MiB)
           Interrupt:67 Base address:0x2024
eth0:0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:FA:52:D6
           inet addr:192.168.1.33  Bcast:0.0.0.0  Mask:255.255.255.0
           UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
           Interrupt:67 Base address:0x2024

停止realserver_one的httpd服务

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[root@realserver_one ~] # service httpd stop
Stopping httpd:                                            [  OK  ]

director_backup查看ipvs规则，发现realserver_one已经被踢出

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[root@backup ~] # ipvsadm -L -n
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
   -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  192.168.1.33:80 wrr
   -> 192.168.1.20:80              Route   1      0          0

客户端访问VIP发现页面恒为node2

174435782.png停止realserver_two的httpd服务

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[root@realserver_two ~] # service httpd stop
Stopping httpd:                                            [  OK  ]

director_backup查看ipvs规则，发现紧急站点生效

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[root@backup ~] # ipvsadm -L -n
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
   -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  192.168.1.33:80 wrr
   -> 127.0.0.1:80                 Local   1      0          0

客户端访问VIP发现页面为自定义警告页面

174831697.png

分别启动realserver_one和realserver_two的httpd服务

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#####realserver_one
[root@realserver_one ~] # service httpd start
Starting httpd: httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed  for  realserver_one
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1  for  ServerName
                                                            [  OK  ]
#####realserver_two
[root@realserver_two ~] # service httpd start
Starting httpd: httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed  for  realserver_two
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1  for  ServerName
                                                            [  OK  ]

再次查看director_backup发现ipvs规则已经恢复

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[root@backup ~] # ipvsadm -L -n
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
   -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  192.168.1.33:80 wrr
   -> 192.168.1.20:80              Route   1      0          0  
   -> 192.168.1.10:80              Route   1      0          0

客户端访问VIP发现负载正常

175411246.png

175423863.png

启动director_master的keepalived服务并查看网络信息发现VIP成功转移

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[root@master ~] # service keepalived start
Starting keepalived:                                       [  OK  ]
[root@master ~] # ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:C2:5E:01
           inet addr:192.168.1.61  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
           inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fec2:5e01 /64  Scope:Link
           UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
           RX packets:70394 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
           TX packets:118644 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
           RX bytes:15679204 (14.9 MiB)  TX bytes:8593207 (8.1 MiB)
           Interrupt:67 Base address:0x2024
eth0:0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:C2:5E:01
           inet addr:192.168.1.33  Bcast:0.0.0.0  Mask:255.255.255.0
           UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
           Interrupt:67 Base address:0x2024

在director_backup查看网络信息发现VIP消失

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[root@backup ~] # ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:FA:52:D6
           inet addr:192.168.1.62  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
           inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fefa:52d6 /64  Scope:Link
           UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
           RX packets:118485 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
           TX packets:87004 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
           RX bytes:20112822 (19.1 MiB)  TX bytes:6791097 (6.4 MiB)
           Interrupt:67 Base address:0x2024
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
           inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
           inet6 addr: ::1 /128  Scope:Host
           UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
           RX packets:6781 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
           TX packets:6781 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
           collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
           RX bytes:2122280 (2.0 MiB)  TX bytes:2122280 (2.0 MiB



本文转自 ftmoonfans  51CTO博客，原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/soulboy/1307009

文章标签：
负载均衡
负载均衡
开发工具
关键词：
LVS keepalived
LVS负载均衡
keepalived负载均衡
负载均衡高可用
负载均衡lvs
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