今天跟大家一起分享下android开发中比较难的一个环节,可能很多人看到这个标题就会感觉头很大,的确如果没有良好的编码能力和逻辑思维,这块是很难搞明白的,前面2次总结中已经为大家分享过有关技术的一些基本要领,我们先一起简单回顾下它的基本原理。
三部曲之一:http://blog.csdn.net/gulaer/article/details/8513825
三部曲之二:http://blog.csdn.net/gulaer/article/details/8513916
什么是多线程下载?
多线程下载其实就是迅雷,BT一些下载原理,通过多个线程同时和服务器连接,那么你就可以榨取到较高的带宽了,大致做法是将文件切割成N块,每块交给单独一个线程去下载,各自下载完成后将文件块组合成一个文件,程序上要完成做切割和组装的小算法
什么是断点续传?
断点续传,就是当我们下载未结束时候,退出保存下载进度,当下次打开继续下载的时接着上次的进度继续下载,不用每次下载都重新开始,那么有关断点续传的原理和实现手段,可参考我以前的一篇总结 http://blog.csdn.net/gulaer/article/details/8514146 里面详细讲解http协议断点续传的原理,务必要看懂,否则你无法真正理解本节代码
怎么完成多线程断点续传?
将两者合二为一需要程序记住每个文件块的下载进度,并保存入库,当下载程序启动时候你需要判断程序是否已经下载过该文件,并取出各个文件块的保存记录,换算出下载进度继续下载,在这里你需要掌握java多线程的基本知识,handler的使用,以及集合,算法,文件操作等基本技能,同时还要解决sqlite数据库的同步问题,因为它是不太怎么支持多线程操作的,控制不好经常会出现库被锁定的异常,同时在android2.3以后就不能activity中直接操作http,否则你将收到系统送上的NetworkOnMainThreadException异常,在UI体验上一定记住要使用异步完成,既然大致思路已经清楚,下面我们开始分析程序:
DBHelper.java
package cn.demo.DBHelper; import android.content.Context; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper; /** * 建立一个数据库帮助类 */ public class DBHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper { // download.db-->数据库名 public DBHelper(Context context) { super(context, "download.db", null, 1); } /** * 在download.db数据库下创建一个download_info表存储下载信息 */ @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) { db.execSQL("create table download_info(_id integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, thread_id integer, " + "start_pos integer, end_pos integer, compelete_size integer,url char)"); } @Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) { } }
数据库操作要借助单例和同步,来保证线程的执行顺序,以免多个线程争相抢用sqlite资源导致异常出现
Dao.java
package cn.demo.Dao; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import android.content.Context; import android.database.Cursor; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; import cn.demo.DBHelper.DBHelper; import cn.demo.entity.DownloadInfo; /** * 一个业务类 */ public class Dao { private static Dao dao = null; private Context context; private Dao(Context context) { this.context = context; } public static Dao getInstance(Context context) { if (dao == null) { dao = new Dao(context); } return dao; } public SQLiteDatabase getConnection() { SQLiteDatabase sqliteDatabase = null; try { sqliteDatabase = new DBHelper(context).getReadableDatabase(); } catch (Exception e) { } return sqliteDatabase; } /** * 查看数据库中是否有数据 */ public synchronized boolean isHasInfors(String urlstr) { SQLiteDatabase database = getConnection(); int count = -1; Cursor cursor = null; try { String sql = "select count(*) from download_info where url=?"; cursor = database.rawQuery(sql, new String[] { urlstr }); if (cursor.moveToFirst()) { count = cursor.getInt(0); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (null != database) { database.close(); } if (null != cursor) { cursor.close(); } } return count == 0; } /** * 保存 下载的具体信息 */ public synchronized void saveInfos(List<DownloadInfo> infos) { SQLiteDatabase database = getConnection(); try { for (DownloadInfo info : infos) { String sql = "insert into download_info(thread_id,start_pos, end_pos,compelete_size,url) values (?,?,?,?,?)"; Object[] bindArgs = { info.getThreadId(), info.getStartPos(), info.getEndPos(), info.getCompeleteSize(), info.getUrl() }; database.execSQL(sql, bindArgs); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (null != database) { database.close(); } } } /** * 得到下载具体信息 */ public synchronized List<DownloadInfo> getInfos(String urlstr) { List<DownloadInfo> list = new ArrayList<DownloadInfo>(); SQLiteDatabase database = getConnection(); Cursor cursor = null; try { String sql = "select thread_id, start_pos, end_pos,compelete_size,url from download_info where url=?"; cursor = database.rawQuery(sql, new String[] { urlstr }); while (cursor.moveToNext()) { DownloadInfo info = new DownloadInfo(cursor.getInt(0), cursor.getInt(1), cursor.getInt(2), cursor.getInt(3), cursor.getString(4)); list.add(info); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (null != database) { database.close(); } if (null != cursor) { cursor.close(); } } return list; } /** * 更新数据库中的下载信息 */ public synchronized void updataInfos(int threadId, int compeleteSize, String urlstr) { SQLiteDatabase database = getConnection(); try { String sql = "update download_info set compelete_size=? where thread_id=? and url=?"; Object[] bindArgs = { compeleteSize, threadId, urlstr }; database.execSQL(sql, bindArgs); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (null != database) { database.close(); } } } /** * 下载完成后删除数据库中的数据 */ public synchronized void delete(String url) { SQLiteDatabase database = getConnection(); try { database.delete("download_info", "url=?", new String[] { url }); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (null != database) { database.close(); } } } }
DownLoadAdapter.java
package cn.demo.download; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import android.content.Context; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.widget.BaseAdapter; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.TextView; public class DownLoadAdapter extends BaseAdapter { private LayoutInflater mInflater; private List<Map<String, String>> data; private Context context; private OnClickListener click; public DownLoadAdapter(Context context, List<Map<String, String>> data) { this.context = context; mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context); this.data = data; } public void refresh(List<Map<String, String>> data) { this.data = data; this.notifyDataSetChanged(); } public void setOnclick(OnClickListener click) { this.click = click; } @Override public int getCount() { return data.size(); } @Override public Object getItem(int position) { return data.get(position); } @Override public long getItemId(int position) { return position; } @Override public View getView(final int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { final Map<String, String> bean = data.get(position); ViewHolder holder = null; if (convertView == null) { convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item, null); holder = new ViewHolder(); holder.resouceName = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_resouce_name); holder.startDownload = (Button) convertView.findViewById(R.id.btn_start); holder.pauseDownload = (Button) convertView.findViewById(R.id.btn_pause); convertView.setTag(holder); } else { holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag(); } holder.resouceName.setText(bean.get("name")); return convertView; } public OnClickListener getClick() { return click; } public void setClick(OnClickListener click) { this.click = click; } private class ViewHolder { public TextView resouceName; public Button startDownload; public Button pauseDownload; } }
注意子线程不要影响主UI线程,灵活运用task和handler,各取所长,保证用户体验,handler通常在主线程中有利于专门负责处理UI的一些工作
MainActivity.java
package cn.demo.download; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import android.app.ListActivity; import android.os.AsyncTask; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.Message; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.LinearLayout; import android.widget.LinearLayout.LayoutParams; import android.widget.ProgressBar; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.Toast; import cn.demo.entity.LoadInfo; import cn.demo.service.Downloader; public class MainActivity extends ListActivity { // 固定下载的资源路径,这里可以设置网络上的地址 private static final String URL = "http://download.haozip.com/"; // 固定存放下载的音乐的路径:SD卡目录下 private static final String SD_PATH = "/mnt/sdcard/"; // 存放各个下载器 private Map<String, Downloader> downloaders = new HashMap<String, Downloader>(); // 存放与下载器对应的进度条 private Map<String, ProgressBar> ProgressBars = new HashMap<String, ProgressBar>(); /** * 利用消息处理机制适时更新进度条 */ private Handler mHandler = new Handler() { public void handleMessage(Message msg) { if (msg.what == 1) { String url = (String) msg.obj; int length = msg.arg1; ProgressBar bar = ProgressBars.get(url); if (bar != null) { // 设置进度条按读取的length长度更新 bar.incrementProgressBy(length); if (bar.getProgress() == bar.getMax()) { LinearLayout layout = (LinearLayout) bar.getParent(); TextView resouceName = (TextView) layout.findViewById(R.id.tv_resouce_name); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "[" + resouceName.getText() + "]下载完成!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); // 下载完成后清除进度条并将map中的数据清空 layout.removeView(bar); ProgressBars.remove(url); downloaders.get(url).delete(url); downloaders.get(url).reset(); downloaders.remove(url); Button btn_start = (Button) layout.findViewById(R.id.btn_start); Button btn_pause = (Button) layout.findViewById(R.id.btn_pause); btn_pause.setVisibility(View.GONE); btn_start.setVisibility(View.GONE); } } } } }; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); showListView(); } // 显示listView,这里可以随便添加 private void showListView() { List<Map<String, String>> data = new ArrayList<Map<String, String>>(); Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>(); map.put("name", "haozip_v3.1.exe"); data.add(map); map = new HashMap<String, String>(); map.put("name", "haozip_v3.1_hj.exe"); data.add(map); map = new HashMap<String, String>(); map.put("name", "haozip_v2.8_x64_tiny.exe"); data.add(map); map = new HashMap<String, String>(); map.put("name", "haozip_v2.8_tiny.exe"); data.add(map); DownLoadAdapter adapter = new DownLoadAdapter(this, data); setListAdapter(adapter); } /** * 响应开始下载按钮的点击事件 */ public void startDownload(View v) { // 得到textView的内容 LinearLayout layout = (LinearLayout) v.getParent(); String resouceName = ((TextView) layout.findViewById(R.id.tv_resouce_name)).getText().toString(); String urlstr = URL + resouceName; String localfile = SD_PATH + resouceName; // 设置下载线程数为4,这里是我为了方便随便固定的 String threadcount = "4"; DownloadTask downloadTask = new DownloadTask(v); downloadTask.execute(urlstr, localfile, threadcount); }; class DownloadTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, LoadInfo> { Downloader downloader = null; View v = null; String urlstr = null; public DownloadTask(final View v) { this.v = v; } @Override protected void onPreExecute() { Button btn_start = (Button) ((View) v.getParent()).findViewById(R.id.btn_start); Button btn_pause = (Button) ((View) v.getParent()).findViewById(R.id.btn_pause); btn_start.setVisibility(View.GONE); btn_pause.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); } @Override protected LoadInfo doInBackground(String... params) { urlstr = params[0]; String localfile = params[1]; int threadcount = Integer.parseInt(params[2]); // 初始化一个downloader下载器 downloader = downloaders.get(urlstr); if (downloader == null) { downloader = new Downloader(urlstr, localfile, threadcount, MainActivity.this, mHandler); downloaders.put(urlstr, downloader); } if (downloader.isdownloading()) return null; // 得到下载信息类的个数组成集合 return downloader.getDownloaderInfors(); } @Override protected void onPostExecute(LoadInfo loadInfo) { if (loadInfo != null) { // 显示进度条 showProgress(loadInfo, urlstr, v); // 调用方法开始下载 downloader.download(); } } }; /** * 显示进度条 */ private void showProgress(LoadInfo loadInfo, String url, View v) { ProgressBar bar = ProgressBars.get(url); if (bar == null) { bar = new ProgressBar(this, null, android.R.attr.progressBarStyleHorizontal); bar.setMax(loadInfo.getFileSize()); bar.setProgress(loadInfo.getComplete()); ProgressBars.put(url, bar); LinearLayout.LayoutParams params = new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT, 5); ((LinearLayout) ((LinearLayout) v.getParent()).getParent()).addView(bar, params); } } /** * 响应暂停下载按钮的点击事件 */ public void pauseDownload(View v) { LinearLayout layout = (LinearLayout) v.getParent(); String resouceName = ((TextView) layout.findViewById(R.id.tv_resouce_name)).getText().toString(); String urlstr = URL + resouceName; downloaders.get(urlstr).pause(); Button btn_start = (Button) ((View) v.getParent()).findViewById(R.id.btn_start); Button btn_pause = (Button) ((View) v.getParent()).findViewById(R.id.btn_pause); btn_pause.setVisibility(View.GONE); btn_start.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); } }
这是一个信息的实体,记录了一些字典信息,可以认为是一个简单bean对象
DownloadInfo.java
package cn.demo.entity; /** * 创建一个下载信息的实体类 */ public class DownloadInfo { private int threadId;// 下载器id private int startPos;// 开始点 private int endPos;// 结束点 private int compeleteSize;// 完成度 private String url;// 下载器网络标识 public DownloadInfo(int threadId, int startPos, int endPos, int compeleteSize, String url) { this.threadId = threadId; this.startPos = startPos; this.endPos = endPos; this.compeleteSize = compeleteSize; this.url = url; } public DownloadInfo() { } public String getUrl() { return url; } public void setUrl(String url) { this.url = url; } public int getThreadId() { return threadId; } public void setThreadId(int threadId) { this.threadId = threadId; } public int getStartPos() { return startPos; } public void setStartPos(int startPos) { this.startPos = startPos; } public int getEndPos() { return endPos; } public void setEndPos(int endPos) { this.endPos = endPos; } public int getCompeleteSize() { return compeleteSize; } public void setCompeleteSize(int compeleteSize) { this.compeleteSize = compeleteSize; } @Override public String toString() { return "DownloadInfo [threadId=" + threadId + ", startPos=" + startPos + ", endPos=" + endPos + ", compeleteSize=" + compeleteSize + "]"; } }
LoadInfo.java
package cn.demo.entity; /** * 自定义的一个记载下载器详细信息的类 */ public class LoadInfo { public int fileSize;// 文件大小 private int complete;// 完成度 private String urlstring;// 下载器标识 public LoadInfo(int fileSize, int complete, String urlstring) { this.fileSize = fileSize; this.complete = complete; this.urlstring = urlstring; } public LoadInfo() { } public int getFileSize() { return fileSize; } public void setFileSize(int fileSize) { this.fileSize = fileSize; } public int getComplete() { return complete; } public void setComplete(int complete) { this.complete = complete; } public String getUrlstring() { return urlstring; } public void setUrlstring(String urlstring) { this.urlstring = urlstring; } @Override public String toString() { return "LoadInfo [fileSize=" + fileSize + ", complete=" + complete + ", urlstring=" + urlstring + "]"; } }
这是一个核心类,专门用来处理下载的
Downloader.java
package cn.demo.service; import java.io.File; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.RandomAccessFile; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.URL; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import android.content.Context; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.Message; import android.util.Log; import cn.demo.Dao.Dao; import cn.demo.entity.DownloadInfo; import cn.demo.entity.LoadInfo; public class Downloader { private String urlstr;// 下载的地址 private String localfile;// 保存路径 private int threadcount;// 线程数 private Handler mHandler;// 消息处理器 private int fileSize;// 所要下载的文件的大小 private Context context; private List<DownloadInfo> infos;// 存放下载信息类的集合 private static final int INIT = 1;// 定义三种下载的状态:初始化状态,正在下载状态,暂停状态 private static final int DOWNLOADING = 2; private static final int PAUSE = 3; private int state = INIT; public Downloader(String urlstr, String localfile, int threadcount, Context context, Handler mHandler) { this.urlstr = urlstr; this.localfile = localfile; this.threadcount = threadcount; this.mHandler = mHandler; this.context = context; } /** * 判断是否正在下载 */ public boolean isdownloading() { return state == DOWNLOADING; } /** * 得到downloader里的信息 首先进行判断是否是第一次下载,如果是第一次就要进行初始化,并将下载器的信息保存到数据库中 如果不是第一次下载,那就要从数据库中读出之前下载的信息(起始位置,结束为止,文件大小等),并将下载信息返回给下载器 */ public LoadInfo getDownloaderInfors() { if (isFirst(urlstr)) { Log.v("TAG", "isFirst"); init(); int range = fileSize / threadcount; infos = new ArrayList<DownloadInfo>(); for (int i = 0; i < threadcount - 1; i++) { DownloadInfo info = new DownloadInfo(i, i * range, (i + 1) * range - 1, 0, urlstr); infos.add(info); } DownloadInfo info = new DownloadInfo(threadcount - 1, (threadcount - 1) * range, fileSize - 1, 0, urlstr); infos.add(info); // 保存infos中的数据到数据库 Dao.getInstance(context).saveInfos(infos); // 创建一个LoadInfo对象记载下载器的具体信息 LoadInfo loadInfo = new LoadInfo(fileSize, 0, urlstr); return loadInfo; } else { // 得到数据库中已有的urlstr的下载器的具体信息 infos = Dao.getInstance(context).getInfos(urlstr); Log.v("TAG", "not isFirst size=" + infos.size()); int size = 0; int compeleteSize = 0; for (DownloadInfo info : infos) { compeleteSize += info.getCompeleteSize(); size += info.getEndPos() - info.getStartPos() + 1; } return new LoadInfo(size, compeleteSize, urlstr); } } /** * 初始化 */ private void init() { try { URL url = new URL(urlstr); HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); connection.setConnectTimeout(5000); connection.setRequestMethod("GET"); fileSize = connection.getContentLength(); File file = new File(localfile); if (!file.exists()) { file.createNewFile(); } // 本地访问文件 RandomAccessFile accessFile = new RandomAccessFile(file, "rwd"); accessFile.setLength(fileSize); accessFile.close(); connection.disconnect(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 判断是否是第一次 下载 */ private boolean isFirst(String urlstr) { return Dao.getInstance(context).isHasInfors(urlstr); } /** * 利用线程开始下载数据 */ public void download() { if (infos != null) { if (state == DOWNLOADING) return; state = DOWNLOADING; for (DownloadInfo info : infos) { new MyThread(info.getThreadId(), info.getStartPos(), info.getEndPos(), info.getCompeleteSize(), info.getUrl()).start(); } } } public class MyThread extends Thread { private int threadId; private int startPos; private int endPos; private int compeleteSize; private String urlstr; public MyThread(int threadId, int startPos, int endPos, int compeleteSize, String urlstr) { this.threadId = threadId; this.startPos = startPos; this.endPos = endPos; this.compeleteSize = compeleteSize; this.urlstr = urlstr; } @Override public void run() { HttpURLConnection connection = null; RandomAccessFile randomAccessFile = null; InputStream is = null; try { URL url = new URL(urlstr); connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); connection.setConnectTimeout(5000); connection.setRequestMethod("GET"); // 设置范围,格式为Range:bytes x-y; connection.setRequestProperty("Range", "bytes=" + (startPos + compeleteSize) + "-" + endPos); randomAccessFile = new RandomAccessFile(localfile, "rwd"); randomAccessFile.seek(startPos + compeleteSize); // 将要下载的文件写到保存在保存路径下的文件中 is = connection.getInputStream(); byte[] buffer = new byte[4096]; int length = -1; while ((length = is.read(buffer)) != -1) { randomAccessFile.write(buffer, 0, length); compeleteSize += length; // 更新数据库中的下载信息 Dao.getInstance(context).updataInfos(threadId, compeleteSize, urlstr); // 用消息将下载信息传给进度条,对进度条进行更新 Message message = Message.obtain(); message.what = 1; message.obj = urlstr; message.arg1 = length; mHandler.sendMessage(message); if (state == PAUSE) { return; } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } // 删除数据库中urlstr对应的下载器信息 public void delete(String urlstr) { Dao.getInstance(context).delete(urlstr); } // 设置暂停 public void pause() { state = PAUSE; } // 重置下载状态 public void reset() { state = INIT; } }
下面就是布局文件了:
main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:id="@+id/llRoot" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:orientation="vertical" > <ListView android:id="@android:id/list" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > </ListView> </LinearLayout>
list_item.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="vertical" > <LinearLayout android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginBottom="5dip" android:orientation="horizontal" > <TextView android:id="@+id/tv_resouce_name" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" /> <Button android:id="@+id/btn_start" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:onClick="startDownload" android:text="下载" /> <Button android:id="@+id/btn_pause" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:onClick="pauseDownload" android:text="暂停" android:visibility="gone" /> </LinearLayout> </LinearLayout>
最后是配置文件:
AndroidManifest.xml
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="cn.demo.download" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0"> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" android:targetSdkVersion="8" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/> <application android:label="@string/app_name" android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher" android:theme="@style/AppTheme"> <activity android:name=".MainActivity" android:label="@string/app_name" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> </manifest>
效果图:
源码下载地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/gulaer/5005135
原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/shimiso/article/details/6763986 非常感谢原作者.