PostgreSQL - 01 PostgreSQL + PostGIS + Docker 空间计算！判断坐标点是否在某个区域中 POINT MULTIPOLYGON ST

PostgreSQL - 01 PostgreSQL + PostGIS + Docker 空间计算！判断坐标点是否在某个区域中 POINT MULTIPOLYGON ST_Contains

2024-10-12 33

版权

本文内容由阿里云实名注册用户自发贡献，版权归原作者所有，阿里云开发者社区不拥有其著作权，亦不承担相应法律责任。具体规则请查看《阿里云开发者社区用户服务协议》和《阿里云开发者社区知识产权保护指引》。如果您发现本社区中有涉嫌抄袭的内容，填写侵权投诉表单进行举报，一经查实，本社区将立刻删除涉嫌侵权内容。

本文涉及的产品

云原生数据库 PolarDB PostgreSQL 版，标准版 2核4GB 50GB

云原生数据库 PolarDB MySQL 版，通用型 2核4GB 50GB

简介： PostgreSQL - 01 PostgreSQL + PostGIS + Docker 空间计算！判断坐标点是否在某个区域中 POINT MULTIPOLYGON ST_Contains

代码仓库

所有东西已经打包放到GitHhub，需要的小伙伴可以直接拉取。顺手可以帮忙点个Star！

https://github.com/turbo-duck/postgre-gis

背景介绍

我们有一批坐标点和一批区域点。

比如： 100万个点，和10万个区域块。

我们遇到了这样的需求：这100万个点，分别属于哪个区域块？

初始解决

通过空间的计算方法，我们用 O(n2)的方式：

# 伪代码
for poi in poi_list:
  for aoi in aoi_list:
    # 做一些空间计算
    result = compute(aoi, poi)
    if result:
      # 在这个空间
      save()
    else:
      # 不在这个空间
      other()

但是这样的计算时间实在是太久，于是我们用空间数据库进行优化，于是有了下文：

从 O(n2) -> O(n)，之前需要跑三天三夜的结果，现在只需要短短的几秒就可以跑完。

Docker

FROM postgis/postgis:latest
ENV POSTGRES_DB=space
ENV POSTGRES_USER=postgres
ENV POSTGRES_PASSWORD=123123
EXPOSE 5432
COPY init-db.sh /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/

init-db.sh

#!/bin/bash
set -e
psql -v ON_ERROR_STOP=1 --username "$POSTGRES_USER" --dbname "$POSTGRES_DB" <<-EOSQL
    CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS postgis;
EOSQL

psql -v ON_ERROR_STOP=1 --username "$POSTGRES_USER" --dbname "$POSTGRES_DB" <<-EOSQL
  CREATE TABLE "public"."aoi" (
    "name" varchar(500) COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default" NOT NULL,
    "geom" geometry(GEOMETRY) NOT NULL
  );
  ALTER TABLE "public"."aoi"
    OWNER TO "postgres";
  CREATE INDEX "geom" ON "public"."aoi" USING btree (
    "geom" "public"."btree_geometry_ops" ASC NULLS LAST
  );
  CREATE INDEX "name" ON "public"."aoi" USING btree (
    "name" COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default" "pg_catalog"."text_ops" ASC NULLS LAST
  );
  CREATE INDEX "name_geom" ON "public"."aoi" USING btree (
    "name" COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default" "pg_catalog"."text_ops" ASC NULLS LAST,
    "geom" "public"."btree_geometry_ops" ASC NULLS LAST
  );
EOSQL

psql -v ON_ERROR_STOP=1 --username "$POSTGRES_USER" --dbname "$POSTGRES_DB" <<-EOSQL
  CREATE TABLE "public"."poi" (
    "name" varchar(500) COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default" NOT NULL,
    "geom" geometry(GEOMETRY) NOT NULL
  );
  ALTER TABLE "public"."poi"
    OWNER TO "postgres";
  CREATE INDEX "geom_copy1" ON "public"."poi" USING btree (
    "geom" "public"."btree_geometry_ops" ASC NULLS LAST
  );
  CREATE INDEX "name_copy1" ON "public"."poi" USING btree (
    "name" COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default" "pg_catalog"."text_ops" ASC NULLS LAST
  );
  CREATE INDEX "name_geom_copy1" ON "public"."poi" USING btree (
    "name" COLLATE "pg_catalog"."default" "pg_catalog"."text_ops" ASC NULLS LAST,
    "geom" "public"."btree_geometry_ops" ASC NULLS LAST
  );
EOSQL

写入 AOI

import pandas as pd
import psycopg2
from openpyxl import Workbook
import re


wb = Workbook()
ac = wb.active
line = ['name', 'data', 'origin']
ac.append(line)
# 是否出现错误
error_flag = 0
conn = psycopg2.connect(database="space", user="postgres", password="123123", host="localhost")
cur = conn.cursor()
aoi_file = pd.read_excel("./aoi.xlsx", engine='openpyxl')
line_num = aoi_file.shape[0]

# 清空表
clean_sql = "DELETE FROM aoi WHERE 1=1"
cur.execute(clean_sql)
conn.commit()

for i in range(0, line_num):
    get_name = aoi_file.iat[i, 0]
    '''
    {"type":
        "Polygon",
        "coordinates": [[[
            121.342079,31.417835],[121.342105,31.417812],[121.34214,31.417802],
            [121.342177,31.4178],[121.343274,31.417851],[121.343306,31.41786],[121.343333,31.417879],
            [121.343354,31.417911],[121.343364,31.417945],[121.343424,31.419663],[121.343423,31.419707],
            [121.343414,31.419746],[121.343384,31.419832],[121.343351,31.419903],[121.343318,31.419927],
            [121.343276,31.419931],[121.341537,31.419355],[121.341508,31.419332],[121.341486,31.419301],
            [121.341486,31.419268],[121.341496,31.41923],[121.342056,31.417871],[121.342079,31.417835
        ]]]}
    '''
    get_geom = aoi_file.iat[i, 1]
    origin_geom = get_geom
    get_geom = re.sub(' ', '', str(get_geom))
    get_geom = re.sub('MultiPolygon', 'Polygon', str(get_geom))
    get_geom = re.sub("\[\[\[\[", '[[[', str(get_geom))
    get_geom = re.sub("\]\]\]\]", ']]]', str(get_geom))
    get_geom = re.sub('\{', ' ', str(get_geom))
    get_geom = re.sub('\}', ' ', str(get_geom))
    get_geom = re.sub('"type":"Polygon"', "", str(get_geom))
    get_geom = re.sub('"coordinates":\[\[\[', '', str(get_geom))
    get_geom = re.sub('\]\]\]', '', str(get_geom))
    get_geom = re.sub(' ', '', str(get_geom))
    get_geom = re.sub(',', ' ', str(get_geom))
    get_geom = re.sub('\] \[', ',', str(get_geom))
    print(get_name)
    # INSERT INTO geometries VALUES(
    # 'B0FFG1YVX3',
    # 'MULTIPOLYGON(((120.394543 36.113915,120.39454 36.113898,120.394539 36.113869,120.394548
    # 36.113844,120.394586 36.113812,120.396095 36.11299,120.396118 36.112986,120.396133 36.112988
    # ,120.39615 36.112998,120.39712 36.114184,120.39713 36.114219,120.397129 36.114262,120.397118 36.114297
    # ,120.397101 36.114325,120.397075 36.114359,120.397043 36.114389,120.396994 36.114425,120.39584 36.115065,
    # 120.395818 36.11507,120.395793 36.115071,120.395762 36.115068,120.395719 36.115058,120.395686 36.115043,
    # 120.395661 36.115029,120.394543 36.113915)))');
    sql = "INSERT INTO aoi VALUES('" + str(get_name) + "'," + \
        "'MULTIPOLYGON(((" + str(get_geom) + ")))');"
    try:
        cur.execute(sql)
        conn.commit()
    except Exception as e:
        error_flag = 1
        conn.rollback()
        line = [str(get_name), str(get_geom), str(origin_geom)]
        ac.append(line)
        print(e)
        print(sql)
conn.close()

# 0 no error | 1 have error
if error_flag == 1:
    try:
        wb.save("./error_data.xlsx")
    except PermissionError:
        wb.save("./new_error_data.xlsx")

写入 POI

import pandas as pd
import psycopg2
import re

conn = psycopg2.connect(database="space", user="postgres", password="123123", host="localhost")
cur = conn.cursor()
poi_file = pd.read_excel("./poi.xlsx", engine='openpyxl')
line_num = poi_file.shape[0]

# 清空表
clean_sql = "DELETE FROM poi WHERE 1=1"
cur.execute(clean_sql)
conn.commit()

for i in range(0, line_num):
    get_name = poi_file.iat[i, 0]
    '''
    121.56042,31.20459
    '''
    get_poi = poi_file.iat[i, 1]
    origin_poi = get_poi
    get_poi = re.sub(" ", "", str(get_poi))
    get_poi = re.sub("，", " ", str(get_poi))
    get_poi = re.sub(",", " ", str(get_poi))
    print(get_name)
    if str(get_name) == 'nan':
        continue
    # INSERT INTO geometries VALUES(
    # 'B0FFG1YVX3',
    # 'MULTIPOLYGON(((120.394543 36.113915,120.39454 36.113898,120.394539 36.113869,120.394548
    # 36.113844,120.394586 36.113812,120.396095 36.11299,120.396118 36.112986,120.396133 36.112988
    # ,120.39615 36.112998,120.39712 36.114184,120.39713 36.114219,120.397129 36.114262,120.397118 36.114297
    # ,120.397101 36.114325,120.397075 36.114359,120.397043 36.114389,120.396994 36.114425,120.39584 36.115065,
    # 120.395818 36.11507,120.395793 36.115071,120.395762 36.115068,120.395719 36.115058,120.395686 36.115043,
    # 120.395661 36.115029,120.394543 36.113915)))');
    sql = "INSERT INTO poi VALUES('" + str(get_name) + "'," + \
            "'POINT(" + str(get_poi) + ")');"
    try:
        cur.execute(sql)
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
        print(f"sql => {sql}")
        print(f"get_name => {get_name} | get_poi => {get_poi}")
        exit(0)
conn.commit()
conn.close()

判断 POI IN AOI

import psycopg2
from openpyxl import Workbook

wb = Workbook()
ac = wb.active
line = ['poi_name', 'aoi_name']
ac.append(line)

conn = psycopg2.connect(database="nyc", user="postgres", password="123123", host="localhost")
cur = conn.cursor()
# 建立索引
# sql = "CREATE INDEX aoi_idx ON aoi USING GIST (geom);"
# cur.execute(sql)
# conn.commit()
# 查询结果
sql = "SELECT aoi.name, poi.name FROM aoi, poi where ST_Contains(aoi.geom, poi.geom);"
print("正在判断···")
cur.execute(sql)
rows = cur.fetchall()
for row in rows:
    result_aoi = row[0]
    result_poi = row[1]
    line = [str(result_poi), str(result_aoi)]
    ac.append(line)
    print(result_poi)
conn.close()
print("save xlsx")
wb.save("./poiInAoiResult.xlsx")
print("done")

PostgreSQL - 01 PostgreSQL + PostGIS + Docker 空间计算！判断坐标点是否在某个区域中 POINT MULTIPOLYGON ST_Contains

代码仓库

背景介绍

初始解决

Docker

写入 AOI

写入 POI

判断 POI IN AOI

热门文章

最新文章

相关课程

相关电子书

相关实验场景

推荐镜像

热门

活动广场

任务中心

开发者评测

高校计划

乘风者计划

训练营

阿里云MVP

话题

直播

下载

镜像站

技术资料

插件

PostgreSQL - 01 PostgreSQL + PostGIS + Docker 空间计算！判断坐标点是否在某个区域中 POINT MULTIPOLYGON ST_Contains

代码仓库

背景介绍

初始解决

Docker

写入 AOI

写入 POI

判断 POI IN AOI

热门文章

最新文章

相关课程

相关电子书

相关实验场景

推荐镜像