libgdx ashley框架的讲解

简介: 本文介绍了libgdx游戏开发框架中的Ashley实体系统,包括如何引入依赖、创建实体、添加组件和系统,并通过代码示例演示了如何使用PooledEngine、Component、EntitySystem等核心类来构建游戏逻辑。

官网:https://github.com/libgdx/ashley

我的libgdx学习代码:nanshaws/LibgdxTutorial: libgdx 教程项目 本项目旨在提供完整的libgdx桌面教程,帮助开发者快速掌握libgdx游戏开发框架的使用。成功的将gdx-ai和ashley的tests从官网剥离出来,并成功运行。libgdx tutorial project This project aims to provide a complete libgdx desktop tutorial to help developers quickly master the use of libgdx game development framework. Successfully separated GDX-AI and Ashley's tests from the official website and ran them (github.com)

引入依赖:

allprojects {
    apply plugin: "eclipse"

    version = '1.0'
    ext {
        appName = "My GDX Game"
        gdxVersion = '1.12.1'
        roboVMVersion = '2.3.21'
        box2DLightsVersion = '1.5'
        ashleyVersion = '1.7.4'
        aiVersion = '1.8.2'
        gdxControllersVersion = '2.2.1'
    }

    repositories {
        mavenLocal()
        mavenCentral()
        google()
        gradlePluginPortal()
        maven { url "https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots/" }
        maven { url "https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/releases/" }
        maven { url "https://jitpack.io" }
    }
}

dependencies {
    implementation "com.badlogicgames.gdx:gdx:$gdxVersion"
    implementation "com.badlogicgames.gdx:gdx-backend-lwjgl:$gdxVersion"
    implementation "com.badlogicgames.gdx:gdx-platform:$gdxVersion:natives-desktop"
    implementation "com.badlogicgames.ashley:ashley:$ashleyVersion"
    testImplementation "junit:junit:4.12"
}

在这个ashley框架中,分为

Component
EntitySystem
PooledEngine
EntityListener

好理解吧。以下我用代码来演示


        PooledEngine engine = new PooledEngine();

        MovementSystem movementSystem = new MovementSystem();
        PositionSystem positionSystem = new PositionSystem();
        engine.addSystem(movementSystem);
        engine.addSystem(positionSystem);
        Listener listener = new Listener();
        engine.addEntityListener(listener);
        Entity entity = engine.createEntity();
        entity.add(new PositionComponent(10, 0));
  1. PooledEngine engine = new PooledEngine();
    这行代码创建了一个 PooledEngine 的实例。PooledEngineEngine 的一个子类,它可以重用实体和组件,从而减少内存分配和垃圾回收,提高性能。

  2. MovementSystem movementSystem = new MovementSystem();
    创建了一个 MovementSystem 的实例,这是一个自定义的系统,用于处理实体的移动逻辑。

  3. PositionSystem positionSystem = new PositionSystem();
    创建了一个 PositionSystem 的实例,这是另一个自定义的系统,用于处理实体的位置更新。

  4. engine.addSystem(movementSystem);
    engine.addSystem(positionSystem);
    这两行代码将 MovementSystemPositionSystem 添加到 PooledEngine 中。这样,当引擎更新时,这些系统也会被更新。

  5. Listener listener = new Listener();
    创建了一个 Listener 的实例,这是一个实体监听器,它会在实体被添加或移除时收到通知。

  6. engine.addEntityListener(listener);
    Listener 添加到 PooledEngine 中,使其成为实体事件的监听器。

  7. Entity entity = engine.createEntity();
    创建了一个新的 Entity 实例。在Ashley中,实体是组件的容器,组件用于存储数据。

  8. entity.add(new PositionComponent(10, 0));
    向刚创建的实体添加了一个 PositionComponent 实例,初始化位置为 (10, 0)。PositionComponent 是一个自定义的组件,用于存储实体的位置信息。

每个人物或者标签都可以称之为实体,比如说一个马里奥游戏,马里奥、乌龟和金币都可以被视为实体。每个实体都可以拥有一组组件,这些组件定义了实体的数据和状态。例如,马里奥可能有位置组件(PositionComponent)、移动组件(MovementComponent)和图形组件(GraphicsComponent)等。

这里的实体就是Entity entity = engine.createEntity(); 实体添加组件就是entity.add(new PositionComponent(10, 0)); 而**PositionSystem就是各个组件合在一起的逻辑原理**

  1. private ComponentMapper<PositionComponent> pm = ComponentMapper.getFor(PositionComponent.class);
    这行代码创建了一个 ComponentMapper 对象,专门用于 PositionComponent 类型的组件。这意味着你可以通过这个映射器快速访问任何实体的 PositionComponent

  2. private ComponentMapper<MovementComponent> mm = ComponentMapper.getFor(MovementComponent.class);
    类似地,这行代码创建了一个 ComponentMapper 对象,专门用于 MovementComponent 类型的组件。这使得你可以快速访问任何实体的 MovementComponent

在MovementSystem里面的两行代码,将每个实体里面的MovementComponent和PositionComponent组件都进行移动。这样的例子在我的libgdx学习代码的

gdx-ashley-tests

里面的RenderSystemTest文件,运行起来会让一百个硬币移动

@Override
        public void update (float deltaTime) {

            for (int i = 0; i < entities.size(); ++i) {
                Entity e = entities.get(i);

                PositionComponent p = pm.get(e);
                MovementComponent m = mm.get(e);

                p.x += m.velocityX * deltaTime;
                p.y += m.velocityY * deltaTime;
            }

            log(entities.size() + " Entities updated in MovementSystem.");
        }

演示一个简单案例吧

MovementComponent
package com.badlogic.ashley.tests.components;

import com.badlogic.ashley.core.Component;

public class MovementComponent implements Component {
    public float velocityX;
    public float velocityY;

    public MovementComponent (float velocityX, float velocityY) {
        this.velocityX = velocityX;
        this.velocityY = velocityY;
    }
}
PositionComponent
package com.badlogic.ashley.tests.components;

import com.badlogic.ashley.core.Component;

public class PositionComponent implements Component {
    public float x, y;

    public PositionComponent (float x, float y) {
        this.x = x;
        this.y = y;
    }
}
MovementSystem
public static class MovementSystem extends EntitySystem {
        public ImmutableArray<Entity> entities;

        private ComponentMapper<PositionComponent> pm = ComponentMapper.getFor(PositionComponent.class);
        private ComponentMapper<MovementComponent> mm = ComponentMapper.getFor(MovementComponent.class);

        @Override
        public void addedToEngine (Engine engine) {
            entities = engine.getEntitiesFor(Family.all(PositionComponent.class, MovementComponent.class).get());
            log("MovementSystem added to engine.");
        }

        @Override
        public void removedFromEngine (Engine engine) {
            log("MovementSystem removed from engine.");
            entities = null;
        }

        @Override
        public void update (float deltaTime) {

            for (int i = 0; i < entities.size(); ++i) {
                Entity e = entities.get(i);

                PositionComponent p = pm.get(e);
                MovementComponent m = mm.get(e);

                p.x += m.velocityX * deltaTime;
                p.y += m.velocityY * deltaTime;
            }

            log(entities.size() + " Entities updated in MovementSystem.");
        }
    }
PositionSystem
public static class PositionSystem extends EntitySystem {
        public ImmutableArray<Entity> entities;

        @Override
        public void addedToEngine (Engine engine) {
            entities = engine.getEntitiesFor(Family.all(PositionComponent.class).get());
            log("PositionSystem added to engine.");
        }

        @Override
        public void removedFromEngine (Engine engine) {
            log("PositionSystem removed from engine.");
            entities = null;
        }
    }
Listener
public static class Listener implements EntityListener {

        @Override
        public void entityAdded (Entity entity) {
            log("Entity added " + entity);
        }

        @Override
        public void entityRemoved (Entity entity) {
            log("Entity removed " + entity);
        }
    }

    public static void log (String string) {
        System.out.println(string);
    }

主类:

public static void main (String[] args) {
        PooledEngine engine = new PooledEngine();

        MovementSystem movementSystem = new MovementSystem();
        PositionSystem positionSystem = new PositionSystem();

        engine.addSystem(movementSystem);
        engine.addSystem(positionSystem);

        Listener listener = new Listener();
        engine.addEntityListener(listener);

        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            Entity entity = engine.createEntity();
            entity.add(new PositionComponent(10, 0));
            if (i > 5) entity.add(new MovementComponent(10, 2));

            engine.addEntity(entity);
        }

        log("MovementSystem has: " + movementSystem.entities.size() + " entities.");
        log("PositionSystem has: " + positionSystem.entities.size() + " entities.");

        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            engine.update(0.25f);

            if (i > 5) engine.removeSystem(movementSystem);
        }

        engine.removeEntityListener(listener);
    }

具体代码可以看:

nanshaws/LibgdxTutorial: libgdx 教程项目 本项目旨在提供完整的libgdx桌面教程,帮助开发者快速掌握libgdx游戏开发框架的使用。成功的将gdx-ai和ashley的tests从官网剥离出来,并成功运行。libgdx tutorial project This project aims to provide a complete libgdx desktop tutorial to help developers quickly master the use of libgdx game development framework. Successfully separated GDX-AI and Ashley's tests from the official website and ran them (github.com)

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