1 通过hive --help --service cli查看命令行
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# hive --help --service cli usage: hive -d,--define <key=value> Variable substitution to apply to Hive commands. e.g. -d A=B or --define A=B --database <databasename> Specify the database to use -e <quoted-query-string> SQL from command line -f <filename> SQL from files -H,--help Print help information --hiveconf <property=value> Use value for given property --hivevar <key=value> Variable substitution to apply to Hive commands. e.g. --hivevar A=B -i <filename> Initialization SQL file -S,--silent Silent mode in interactive shell -v,--verbose Verbose mode (echo executed SQL to the console)
2 set 命令
1）显示某个变量值
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hive> set env:HOME; env:HOME=/root
2）显示所有变量
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hive> set
3）设置变量
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#hive --define name=jerry hive> set name; name=jerry hive> set hivevar:name; hivevar:name=jerry hive> set hivevar:name=JerryGu; hive> set name; name=JerryGu hive> set hivevar:name; hivevar:name=JerryGu
注意：
hivevar 是可选的
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--define <key=value>
等价于
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--hivevar <key=value>
4）使用变量
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hive> create table myuser(id int,${hivevar:name} string); hive> desc myuser; id int jerrygu string
用到${hivevar:name}
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hive> create table myuser1(id int,${name} string); hive> desc myuser1; id int jerrygu string
用到${name}
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hive> drop table myuser; hive> drop table myuser1;
5）系统变量
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hive> set hive.cli.print.current.db; hive.cli.print.current.db=false hive> set hiveconf:hive.cli.print.current.db=true; hive> set hive.cli.print.current.db; hive.cli.print.current.db=true hive> set hiveconf:hive.cli.print.current.db=flase;
3 system变量与env变量
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hive> set system:user.name; system:user.name=root hive>set system:user.name=jerry; hive> set system:user.name; system:user.name=root hive> set env:HOME; env:HOME=/root hive> set env:HOME=/home/jerry; env:* variables can not be set.
注意：system变量可以修改，env变量只读。
4 一次性使用命令 -e -S
在Linux Shell 下可以一次性使用hive命令（假设demo.person表已经存在，后面介绍）
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# hive -S -e "use demo;select * from person" >/home/jerry/myquery; # cat /home/jerry/myquery 1 elite0 10 ["basketball","music","dance"] {"adderss":"xx"} 2 elite1 20 ["basketball","music","dance"] {"adderss":"xx"} 3 elite2 10 ["basketball","music","dance"] {"adderss":"xx"} 4 elite3 20 ["basketball","music","dance"] {"adderss":"xx"} 5 elite4 10 ["basketball","music","dance"] {"adderss":"xx"} 6 elite5 20 ["basketball","music","dance"] {"adderss":"xx"}
>文件重定向
注意：
- 1. SQL语句引号。
- 2. 分号结束。
5 从文件中执行hive查询：-f
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#gedit /home/jerry/hive/query.hql use demo; select * from person; # hive -f /home/jerry/hive/query.hql OK Time taken: 3.719 seconds OK 1 elite0 10 ["basketball","music","dance"] {"adderss":"xx"} 2 elite1 20 ["basketball","music","dance"] {"adderss":"xx"} 3 elite2 10 ["basketball","music","dance"] {"adderss":"xx"} 4 elite3 20 ["basketball","music","dance"] {"adderss":"xx"} 5 elite4 10 ["basketball","music","dance"] {"adderss":"xx"} 6 elite5 20 ["basketball","music","dance"] {"adderss":"xx"}
6 执行前指定先执行某个命令：-i
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#gedit /home/.hiverc ADD JAR /home/jerry/jar/my.jar; set hive.cli.print.current.db=true; set hive.exec.mode.local.auto=true; #hive -i /home/.hiverc
7 显示字段名称：set hive.cli.print.header=true;
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hive> set hive.cli.print.header=true; hive> select * from person; erson.id person.name person.age person.likes person.address 1 elite0 10 ["basketball","music","dance"] {"adderss":"xx"} 2 elite1 20 ["basketball","music","dance"] {"adderss":"xx"} 3 elite2 10 ["basketball","music","dance"] {"adderss":"xx"} 4 elite3 20 ["basketball","music","dance"] {"adderss":"xx"} 5 elite4 10 ["basketball","music","dance"] {"adderss":"xx"} 6 elite5 20 ["basketball","music","dance"] {"adderss":"xx"}
8 其他
1）自动补全
2）记录历史
3）执行Shell命令（!开始；分号结束）
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hive> ! ls /home/jerry; Desktop Documents Downloads hive Music Pictures Public snap Templates Tools Videos hive>
4）执行dfs命令
去掉haddop关键字，分号结束。
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hive> dfs -ls /; Found 2 items drwx-wx-wx- root supergroup 0 2024-08-06 12:13 /tmp drwxr-xr-x- root supergroup 0 2024-08-06 13:50 /user
5）注释： --
