数组(2)

简介: 数组(2)


文章目录

9. 三子棋

类似于之前的猜数字小游戏,我们需要先把整个游戏的大体结构在主函数中实现出来:

//test.c
#include <stdio.h>
void menu()
{
  printf("*****************************\n");
  printf("********  1. play   *********\n");
  printf("********  0. exit   *********\n");
  printf("*****************************\n");
}
int main()
{
  int input = 0;
  
  do
  {
    menu();
    printf("请选择:>");
    scanf("%d", &input);//1 0 4
    
    switch (input)
    {
    case 1:
      game();
      break;
    case 0:
      printf("退出游戏\n");
      break;
    default:
      printf("选择错误,重新选择!\n");
      break;
    }
  } while (input);
  return 0;
}

接下来,我们需要对游戏内容进行具体地实现:

  1. 初始化棋盘

棋盘上一开始什么都没有,说明里面放的都是空格

//test.c
#include "game.h"
void game()
{
  char board[3][3] = { 0 };
  InitBoard(board, 3, 3);
}

在game.h中对函数进行声明

//game.h
//初始化棋盘
void InitBoard(char board[3][3], int row, int col);

这里我们思考一下:如果我们不想玩三子棋,而想玩四子棋,那么我们是不是需要把所有是3的地方全部改成4,这样就太繁琐了,那么要如何解决呢?

//game.h
#define ROW 3
#define COL 3
//初始化棋盘
void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//test.c
#include "game.h"
void game()
{
  char board[ROW][COL] = { 0 };
  InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);
}

在game.c中对函数进行定义

//game.c
#include "game.h"
//初始化棋盘为空格
void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
  int i = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
  {
    int j = 0;
    for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
    {
      board[i][j] = ' ';
    }
  }
}

  1. 打印棋盘
//test.c
#include "game.h"
void game()
{
  char board[ROW][COL] = { 0 };
  InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);
  //打印棋盘
  DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
}
//game.h
#define ROW 3
#define COL 3
//初始化棋盘
void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//打印棋盘
void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);

因为在game.c中实现打印棋盘,要引用头文件stdio.h,而test.c中也需要引用stdio.h;同时,test.c和game.c又都引用了game.h,所以我们可以直接在game.h中引用stdio.h

//game.h
#include <stdio.h>
#define ROW 3
#define COL 3
//初始化棋盘
void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//打印棋盘
void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//game.c
#include "game.h"
//版本一
void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
  int i = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
  {
    int j = 0;
    for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
    {
      printf("%c", board[i][j]);
    }
    printf("\n");
  }
}

以上打印方法打印出来屏幕上什么也没有,这是因为我们打印的是空格,所以我们还需要加一下分界线

//game.c
#include "game.h"
//版本2
void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
  int i = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
  {
    //1. 打印数据
    printf(" %c | %c | %c \n", board[i][0], board[i][1], board[i][2]);
    //2. 打印分割线
    if (i < row - 1)
    {
      printf("---|---|---\n");
    }
  }
}

以上打印方法不具有普适性,如果改变行和列,打印出来的棋盘就不对了

//game.c
#include "game.h"
//版本3
void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
  int i = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
  {
    //1. 打印数据
    int j = 0;
    for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
    {
      printf(" %c ", board[i][j]);
      if (j < col - 1)
      {
        printf("|");
      }
    }
    printf("\n");
    //2. 打印分割线
    if (i < row - 1)
    {
      //printf("---|---|---\n");
      int j = 0;
      for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
      {
        printf("---");
        
        if (j < col - 1)
        {
          printf("|");
        }
      }
      printf("\n");
    }
  }
}

  1. 玩家下棋
//test.c
#include "game.h"
void game()
{
  char board[ROW][COL] = { 0 };
  InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);
  //打印棋盘
  DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
  //下棋
  //玩家下棋
  PlayerMove(board, ROW, COL);
  DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
}
//game.h
#include <stdio.h>
#define ROW 3
#define COL 3
//初始化棋盘
void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//打印棋盘
void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//玩家下棋
void PlayerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//game.c
#include "game.h"
void PlayerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
  int x = 0;
  int y = 0;
  printf("玩家下棋>:\n");
  
  while (1)
  {
    printf("请输入下棋的坐标,中间使用空格>:");
    scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
    //坐标合法
    if (x >= 1 && x <= row && y >= 1 && y <= col)
    {
      if (' ' == board[x - 1][y - 1])//可以落子
      {
        board[x - 1][y - 1] = '*';
        break;
      }
      else
      {
        printf("坐标被占有,不能落子,重新输入坐标\n");
      }
    }
    else//非法
    {
      printf("坐标非法,重新输入\n");
    }
  }
}

  1. 电脑下棋

我们先让玩家和电脑一直下棋

//test.c
#include "game.h"
void game()
{
  char board[ROW][COL] = { 0 };
  InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);
  //打印棋盘
  DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
  //下棋
  while (1)
  {
    //玩家下棋
    PlayerMove(board, ROW, COL);
    DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
    //电脑下棋
    ComputerMove(board, ROW, COL);
    DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
  }
  
}
int main()
{
  srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
  return 0;
}
//game.h
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#define ROW 3
#define COL 3
//初始化棋盘
void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//打印棋盘
void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//玩家下棋
void PlayerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//电脑下棋
void ComputerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//game.c
#include "game.h"
//电脑随机下棋
void ComputerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
  int x = 0;//0~row-1
  int y = 0;//0~col-1
  printf("电脑下棋>:\n");
  
  while (1)
  {
    x = rand() % row;
    y = rand() % col;
    if (' ' == board[x][y])
    {
      board[x][y] = '#';
      break;
    }
  }
}

  1. 判断输赢

玩家赢 - ‘*’

电脑赢 - ‘#’

平局 - ‘Q’

继续 - ‘C’

//test.c
#include "game.h"
void game()
{
  char board[ROW][COL] = { 0 };
  InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);
  //打印棋盘
  DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
  //下棋
  char ret = 0;
  while (1)
  {
    //玩家下棋
    PlayerMove(board, ROW, COL);
    DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
    //判断输赢
    ret = IsWin(board, ROW, COL);
    if (ret != 'C')
    {
      break;
    }
    //电脑下棋
    ComputerMove(board, ROW, COL);
    DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
    //判断输赢
    ret = IsWin(board, ROW, COL);
    
    if (ret != 'C')
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  if ('*' == ret)
  {
    printf("玩家赢\n");
  }
  else if ('#' == ret)
  {
    printf("电脑赢\n");
  }
  else
  {
    printf("平局\n");
  }
}
//game.h
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#define ROW 3
#define COL 3
//初始化棋盘
void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//打印棋盘
void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//玩家下棋
void PlayerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//电脑下棋
void ComputerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//判断输赢
//玩家赢 - '*'
//电脑赢 - '#'
//平局 - 'Q'
//继续 - 'C'
char IsWin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//game.c
#include "game.h"
int IsFull(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
  int i = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
  {
    int j = 0;
    for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
    {
      if (' ' == board[i][j])
      {
        return 0;
      }
    }
  }
  return 1;
}
//版本一
char IsWin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
  //赢
  //行
  int i = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
  {
    if ((board[i][0]==board[i][1]) && (board[i][1]==board[i][2]) && (board[i][0]!=' '))
    {
      return board[i][0];
    }
  }
  //列
  for (i = 0; i < col; i++)
  {
    if ((board[0][i]==board[1][i]) && (board[1][i]==board[2][i]) && (board[0][i]!=' '))
    {
      return board[0][i];
    }
  }
  //对角线
  if ((board[0][0]==board[1][1]) && (board[1][1]==board[2][2]) && (board[1][1]!=' '))
  {
    return board[1][1];
  }
  if ((board[0][2]==board[1][1]) && (board[1][1]==board[2][0]) && (board[1][1]!=' '))
  {
    return board[1][1];
  }
  //平局
  if (1 == IsFull(board, row, col))
  {
    return 'Q';
  }
  //继续
  return 'C';
}

以上写法也不具有普适性

//game.c
#include "game.h"
int IsFull(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
  int i = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
  {
    int j = 0;
    for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
    {
      if (' ' == board[i][j])
      {
        return 0;
      }
    }
  }
  return 1;
}
//版本二
char IsWin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
  //赢
  //行
  int i = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
  {
    int j = 0;
    int count = 0;
    for (j = 0; j < col - 1; j++)
    {
      if ((board[i][j] != ' ') && (board[i][j] == board[i][j + 1]))
      {
        count++;
      }
    }
    if ((col - 1) == count)
    {
      return board[i][0];
    }
  }
  //列
  for (i = 0; i < col; i++)
  {
    int j = 0;
    int count = 0;
    for (j = 0; j < row - 1; j++)
    {
      if ((board[j][i] != ' ') && (board[j][i] == board[j + 1][i]))
      {
        count++;
      }
    }
    if ((row - 1) == count)
    {
      return board[0][i];
    }
  }
  //对角线
  int count = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < row - 1; i++)
  {
    if ((board[i][i]!=' ') && (board[i][i]==board[i + 1][i + 1]))
    {
      count++;
    }
  }
  if ((row - 1) == count)
  {
    return board[0][0];
  }
  count = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < row - 1; i++)
  {
    if ((board[i][col-1-i]!=' ') && (board[i][col-1-i]==board[i+1][col-2-i]))
    {
      count++;
    }
  }
  if ((row-1) == count)
  {
    return board[0][col - 1];
  }
  //平局
  if (1 == IsFull(board, row, col))
  {
    return 'Q';
  }
  //继续
  return 'C';
}

以下为完整代码:

//game.h
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#define ROW 3
#define COL 3
//初始化棋盘
void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//打印棋盘
void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//玩家下棋
void PlayerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//电脑下棋
void ComputerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//判断输赢
//玩家赢 - '*'
//电脑赢 - '#'
//平局 - 'Q'
//继续 - 'C'
char IsWin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//game.c
#include "game.h"
//初始化棋盘为空格
void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
  int i = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
  {
    int j = 0;
    for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
    {
      board[i][j] = ' ';
    }
  }
}
void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
  int i = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
  {
    //1. 打印数据
    int j = 0;
    for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
    {
      printf(" %c ", board[i][j]);
      if (j < col - 1)
      {
        printf("|");
      }
    }
    printf("\n");
    //2. 打印分割线
    if (i < row - 1)
    {
      //printf("---|---|---\n");
      int j = 0;
      for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
      {
        printf("---");
        
        if (j < col - 1)
        {
          printf("|");
        }
      }
      printf("\n");
    }
  }
}
void PlayerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
  int x = 0;
  int y = 0;
  printf("玩家下棋>:\n");
  
  while (1)
  {
    printf("请输入下棋的坐标,中间使用空格>:");
    scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
    //坐标合法
    if (x >= 1 && x <= row && y >= 1 && y <= col)
    {
      if (' ' == board[x - 1][y - 1])//可以落子
      {
        board[x - 1][y - 1] = '*';
        break;
      }
      else
      {
        printf("坐标被占有,不能落子,重新输入坐标\n");
      }
    }
    else//非法
    {
      printf("坐标非法,重新输入\n");
    }
  }
}
//电脑随机下棋
void ComputerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
  int x = 0;//0~row-1
  int y = 0;//0~col-1
  printf("电脑下棋>:\n");
  
  while (1)
  {
    x = rand() % row;
    y = rand() % col;
    if (' ' == board[x][y])
    {
      board[x][y] = '#';
      break;
    }
  }
}
int IsFull(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
  int i = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
  {
    int j = 0;
    for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
    {
      if (' ' == board[i][j])
      {
        return 0;
      }
    }
  }
  return 1;
}
char IsWin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
  //赢
  //行
  int i = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
  {
    int j = 0;
    int count = 0;
    for (j = 0; j < col - 1; j++)
    {
      if ((board[i][j] != ' ') && (board[i][j] == board[i][j + 1]))
      {
        count++;
      }
    }
    if ((col - 1) == count)
    {
      return board[i][0];
    }
  }
  //列
  for (i = 0; i < col; i++)
  {
    int j = 0;
    int count = 0;
    for (j = 0; j < row - 1; j++)
    {
      if ((board[j][i] != ' ') && (board[j][i] == board[j + 1][i]))
      {
        count++;
      }
    }
    if ((row - 1) == count)
    {
      return board[0][i];
    }
  }
  //对角线
  int count = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < row - 1; i++)
  {
    if ((board[i][i]!=' ') && (board[i][i]==board[i + 1][i + 1]))
    {
      count++;
    }
  }
  if ((row - 1) == count)
  {
    return board[0][0];
  }
  count = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < row - 1; i++)
  {
    if ((board[i][col-1-i]!=' ') && (board[i][col-1-i]==board[i+1][col-2-i]))
    {
      count++;
    }
  }
  if ((row-1) == count)
  {
    return board[0][col - 1];
  }
  //平局
  if (1 == IsFull(board, row, col))
  {
    return 'Q';
  }
  //继续
  return 'C';
}
//test.c
#include "game.h"
void menu()
{
  printf("*****************************\n");
  printf("********  1. play   *********\n");
  printf("********  0. exit   *********\n");
  printf("*****************************\n");
}
void game()
{
  char board[ROW][COL] = { 0 };
  InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);
  //打印棋盘
  DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
  //下棋
  char ret = 0;
  while (1)
  {
    //玩家下棋
    PlayerMove(board, ROW, COL);
    DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
    //判断输赢
    ret = IsWin(board, ROW, COL);
    if (ret != 'C')
    {
      break;
    }
    //电脑下棋
    ComputerMove(board, ROW, COL);
    DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
    //判断输赢
    ret = IsWin(board, ROW, COL);
    
    if (ret != 'C')
    {
      break;
    }
  }
  if ('*' == ret)
  {
    printf("玩家赢\n");
  }
  else if ('#' == ret)
  {
    printf("电脑赢\n");
  }
  else
  {
    printf("平局\n");
  }
}
int main()
{
  int input = 0;
  srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
  
  do
  {
    menu();
    printf("请选择:>");
    scanf("%d", &input);//1 0 4
    
    switch (input)
    {
    case 1:
      game();
      break;
    case 0:
      printf("退出游戏\n");
      break;
    default:
      printf("选择错误,重新选择!\n");
      break;
    }
  } while (input);
  return 0;
}


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