使用 Python 和 Pygame 制作游戏：第一章到第五章

>>> import pygame

number = random.randint(1, 20)
spam = 42
print('Hello world!')

number = random.randint(1, 20)
spam = 42
print('Hello world!')

while spam < 10:
    if number == 42:
        print('Hello')

print('This is the first line! xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx’)
print('This is the second line, not the third line.')

import pygame, sys
from pygame.locals import *
pygame.init()
DISPLAYSURF = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 300))
pygame.display.set_caption('Hello World!')
while True: # main game loop
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()
    pygame.display.update()

import pygame, sys

from pygame.locals import *

pygame.init()

DISPLAYSURF = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 300))

pygame.display.set_caption('Hello World!')

while True: # main game loop
    for event in pygame.event.get():

while True: # main game loop
    for event in pygame.event.get():

if event.type == QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()

pygame.display.update()

foo()

duckie.foo()

import whammy
fizzy()
egg = Wombat()
egg.bluhbluh()
whammy.spam()

anotherSurface = DISPLAYSURF.convert_alpha()

>>> import pygame
>>> pygame.Color(255, 0, 0)
(255, 0, 0, 255)
>>> myColor = pygame.Color(255, 0, 0, 128)
>>> myColor == (255, 0, 0, 128)
True
>>>

>>> import pygame
>>> spamRect = pygame.Rect(10, 20, 200, 300)
>>> spamRect == (10, 20, 200, 300)
True

>>> spamRect.right
210

>>> spamRect.right = 350
>>> spamRect.left
150

import pygame, sys
from pygame.locals import *
pygame.init()
# set up the window
DISPLAYSURF = pygame.display.set_mode((500, 400), 0, 32)
pygame.display.set_caption('Drawing')
# set up the colors
BLACK = (  0,   0,   0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
RED = (255,   0,   0)
GREEN = (  0, 255,   0)
BLUE = (  0,   0, 255)
# draw on the surface object
DISPLAYSURF.fill(WHITE)
pygame.draw.polygon(DISPLAYSURF, GREEN, ((146, 0), (291, 106), (236, 277), (56, 277), (0, 106)))
pygame.draw.line(DISPLAYSURF, BLUE, (60, 60), (120, 60), 4)
pygame.draw.line(DISPLAYSURF, BLUE, (120, 60), (60, 120))
pygame.draw.line(DISPLAYSURF, BLUE, (60, 120), (120, 120), 4)
pygame.draw.circle(DISPLAYSURF, BLUE, (300, 50), 20, 0)
pygame.draw.ellipse(DISPLAYSURF, RED, (300, 250, 40, 80), 1)
pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, RED, (200, 150, 100, 50))
pixObj = pygame.PixelArray(DISPLAYSURF)
pixObj[480][380] = BLACK
pixObj[482][382] = BLACK
pixObj[484][384] = BLACK
pixObj[486][386] = BLACK
pixObj[488][388] = BLACK
del pixObj
# run the game loop
while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()
    pygame.display.update()

import pygame, sys
 from pygame.locals import *
 pygame.init()
 FPS = 30 # frames per second setting
 fpsClock = pygame.time.Clock()
 # set up the window
 DISPLAYSURF = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 300), 0, 32)
 pygame.display.set_caption('Animation')
 WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
 catImg = pygame.image.load('cat.png')
 catx = 10
 caty = 10
 direction = 'right'
 while True: # the main game loop
     DISPLAYSURF.fill(WHITE)
     if direction == 'right':
         catx += 5
         if catx == 280:
             direction = 'down'
     elif direction == 'down':
         caty += 5
         if caty == 220:
             direction = 'left'
     elif direction == 'left':
         catx -= 5
         if catx == 10:
             direction = 'up'
     elif direction == 'up':
         caty -= 5
         if caty == 10:
             direction = 'right'
     DISPLAYSURF.blit(catImg, (catx, caty))
     for event in pygame.event.get():
         if event.type == QUIT:
             pygame.quit()
             sys.exit()
     pygame.display.update()
     fpsClock.tick(FPS)

fpsClock = pygame.time.Clock()

fpsClock.tick(FPS)

DISPLAYSURF.blit(catImg, (catx, caty))

import pygame, sys
 from pygame.locals import *
 pygame.init()
 DISPLAYSURF = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 300))
 pygame.display.set_caption('Hello World!')
 WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
 GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
 BLUE = (0, 0, 128)
 fontObj = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 32)
 textSurfaceObj = fontObj.render('Hello world!', True, GREEN, BLUE)
 textRectObj = textSurfaceObj.get_rect()
 textRectObj.center = (200, 150)
 while True: # main game loop
     DISPLAYSURF.fill(WHITE)
     DISPLAYSURF.blit(textSurfaceObj, textRectObj)
     for event in pygame.event.get():
         if event.type == QUIT:
             pygame.quit()
             sys.exit()
     pygame.display.update()

soundObj = pygame.mixer.Sound('beeps.wav')
soundObj.play()
import time
time.sleep(1) # wait and let the sound play for 1 second
soundObj.stop()

# Loading and playing a sound effect:
soundObj = pygame.mixer.Sound('beepingsound.wav')
soundObj.play()
# Loading and playing background music:
pygame.mixer.music.load('backgroundmusic.mp3')
pygame.mixer.music.play(-1, 0.0)
# ...some more of your code goes here...
pygame.mixer.music.stop()

>>> for x in [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]:
...     for y in ['a', 'b', 'c']:
...         print(x, y)
...
0 a
0 b
0 c
1 a
1 b
1 c
2 a
2 b
2 c
3 a
3 b
3 c
4 a
4 b
4 c
>>>

>>> for y in ['a', 'b', 'c']:
...     for x in [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]:
...         print(x, y)
...
0 a
1 a
2 a
3 a
4 a
0 b
1 b
2 b
3 b
4 b
0 c
1 c
2 c
3 c
4 c
>>>

# Memory Puzzle
# By Al Sweigart [[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection)
# http://inventwithpython.com/pygame
# Released under a "Simplified BSD" license
import random, pygame, sys
from pygame.locals import *
FPS = 30 # frames per second, the general speed of the program
WINDOWWIDTH = 640 # size of window's width in pixels
WINDOWHEIGHT = 480 # size of windows' height in pixels
REVEALSPEED = 8 # speed boxes' sliding reveals and covers
BOXSIZE = 40 # size of box height & width in pixels
GAPSIZE = 10 # size of gap between boxes in pixels
BOARDWIDTH = 10 # number of columns of icons
BOARDHEIGHT = 7 # number of rows of icons
assert (BOARDWIDTH * BOARDHEIGHT) % 2 == 0, 'Board needs to have an even number of boxes for pairs of matches.'
XMARGIN = int((WINDOWWIDTH - (BOARDWIDTH * (BOXSIZE + GAPSIZE))) / 2)
YMARGIN = int((WINDOWHEIGHT - (BOARDHEIGHT * (BOXSIZE + GAPSIZE))) / 2)
#            R    G    B
GRAY     = (100, 100, 100)
NAVYBLUE = ( 60,  60, 100)
WHITE    = (255, 255, 255)
RED      = (255,   0,   0)
GREEN    = (  0, 255,   0)
BLUE     = (  0,   0, 255)
YELLOW   = (255, 255,   0)
ORANGE   = (255, 128,   0)
PURPLE   = (255,   0, 255)
CYAN     = (  0, 255, 255)
BGCOLOR = NAVYBLUE
LIGHTBGCOLOR = GRAY
BOXCOLOR = WHITE
HIGHLIGHTCOLOR = BLUE
DONUT = 'donut'
SQUARE = 'square'
DIAMOND = 'diamond'
LINES = 'lines'
OVAL = 'oval'
ALLCOLORS = (RED, GREEN, BLUE, YELLOW, ORANGE, PURPLE, CYAN)
ALLSHAPES = (DONUT, SQUARE, DIAMOND, LINES, OVAL)
assert len(ALLCOLORS) * len(ALLSHAPES) * 2 >= BOARDWIDTH * BOARDHEIGHT, "Board is too big for the number of shapes/colors defined."
def main():
    global FPSCLOCK, DISPLAYSURF
    pygame.init()
    FPSCLOCK = pygame.time.Clock()
    DISPLAYSURF = pygame.display.set_mode((WINDOWWIDTH, WINDOWHEIGHT))
    mousex = 0 # used to store x coordinate of mouse event
    mousey = 0 # used to store y coordinate of mouse event
    pygame.display.set_caption('Memory Game')
    mainBoard = getRandomizedBoard()
    revealedBoxes = generateRevealedBoxesData(False)
    firstSelection = None # stores the (x, y) of the first box clicked.
    DISPLAYSURF.fill(BGCOLOR)
    startGameAnimation(mainBoard)
    while True: # main game loop
        mouseClicked = False
        DISPLAYSURF.fill(BGCOLOR) # drawing the window
        drawBoard(mainBoard, revealedBoxes)
        for event in pygame.event.get(): # event handling loop
            if event.type == QUIT or (event.type == KEYUP and event.key == K_ESCAPE):
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()
            elif event.type == MOUSEMOTION:
                mousex, mousey = event.pos
            elif event.type == MOUSEBUTTONUP:
                mousex, mousey = event.pos
                mouseClicked = True
        boxx, boxy = getBoxAtPixel(mousex, mousey)
        if boxx != None and boxy != None:
            # The mouse is currently over a box.
            if not revealedBoxes[boxx][boxy]:
                drawHighlightBox(boxx, boxy)
            if not revealedBoxes[boxx][boxy] and mouseClicked:
                revealBoxesAnimation(mainBoard, [(boxx, boxy)])
                revealedBoxes[boxx][boxy] = True # set the box as "revealed"
                if firstSelection == None: # the current box was the first box clicked
                    firstSelection = (boxx, boxy)
                else: # the current box was the second box clicked
                    # Check if there is a match between the two icons.
                    icon1shape, icon1color = getShapeAndColor(mainBoard, firstSelection[0], firstSelection[1])
                    icon2shape, icon2color = getShapeAndColor(mainBoard, boxx, boxy)
                    if icon1shape != icon2shape or icon1color != icon2color:
                        # Icons don't match. Re-cover up both selections.
                        pygame.time.wait(1000) # 1000 milliseconds = 1 sec
                        coverBoxesAnimation(mainBoard, [(firstSelection[0], firstSelection[1]), (boxx, boxy)])
                        revealedBoxes[firstSelection[0]][firstSelection [1]] = False
                        revealedBoxes[boxx][boxy] = False
                    elif hasWon(revealedBoxes): # check if all pairs found
                        gameWonAnimation(mainBoard)
                        pygame.time.wait(2000)
                        # Reset the board
                        mainBoard = getRandomizedBoard()
                        revealedBoxes = generateRevealedBoxesData(False)
                        # Show the fully unrevealed board for a second.
                        drawBoard(mainBoard, revealedBoxes)
                        pygame.display.update()
                        pygame.time.wait(1000)
                        # Replay the start game animation.
                        startGameAnimation(mainBoard)            
                    firstSelection = None # reset firstSelection variable
        # Redraw the screen and wait a clock tick.
        pygame.display.update()
        FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS)
def generateRevealedBoxesData(val):
    revealedBoxes = []
    for i in range(BOARDWIDTH):
        revealedBoxes.append([val] * BOARDHEIGHT)
    return revealedBoxes
def getRandomizedBoard():
    # Get a list of every possible shape in every possible color.
    icons = []
    for color in ALLCOLORS:
        for shape in ALLSHAPES:
            icons.append( (shape, color) )
    random.shuffle(icons) # randomize the order of the icons list
    numIconsUsed = int(BOARDWIDTH * BOARDHEIGHT / 2) # calculate how many icons are needed
    icons = icons[:numIconsUsed] * 2 # make two of each
    random.shuffle(icons)
    # Create the board data structure, with randomly placed icons.
    board = []
    for x in range(BOARDWIDTH):
        column = []
        for y in range(BOARDHEIGHT):
            column.append(icons[0])
            del icons[0] # remove the icons as we assign them
        board.append(column)
    return board
def splitIntoGroupsOf(groupSize, theList):
    # splits a list into a list of lists, where the inner lists have at
    # most groupSize number of items.
    result = []
    for i in range(0, len(theList), groupSize):
        result.append(theList[i:i + groupSize])
    return result
def leftTopCoordsOfBox(boxx, boxy):
    # Convert board coordinates to pixel coordinates
    left = boxx * (BOXSIZE + GAPSIZE) + XMARGIN
    top = boxy * (BOXSIZE + GAPSIZE) + YMARGIN
    return (left, top)
def getBoxAtPixel(x, y):
    for boxx in range(BOARDWIDTH):
        for boxy in range(BOARDHEIGHT):
            left, top = leftTopCoordsOfBox(boxx, boxy)
            boxRect = pygame.Rect(left, top, BOXSIZE, BOXSIZE)
            if boxRect.collidepoint(x, y):
                return (boxx, boxy)
    return (None, None)
def drawIcon(shape, color, boxx, boxy):
    quarter = int(BOXSIZE * 0.25) # syntactic sugar
    half =    int(BOXSIZE * 0.5)  # syntactic sugar
    left, top = leftTopCoordsOfBox(boxx, boxy) # get pixel coords from board coords
    # Draw the shapes
    if shape == DONUT:
        pygame.draw.circle(DISPLAYSURF, color, (left + half, top + half), half - 5)
        pygame.draw.circle(DISPLAYSURF, BGCOLOR, (left + half, top + half), quarter - 5)
    elif shape == SQUARE:
        pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, color, (left + quarter, top + quarter, BOXSIZE - half, BOXSIZE - half))
    elif shape == DIAMOND:
        pygame.draw.polygon(DISPLAYSURF, color, ((left + half, top), (left + BOXSIZE - 1, top + half), (left + half, top + BOXSIZE - 1), (left, top + half)))
    elif shape == LINES:
        for i in range(0, BOXSIZE, 4):
            pygame.draw.line(DISPLAYSURF, color, (left, top + i), (left + i, top))
            pygame.draw.line(DISPLAYSURF, color, (left + i, top + BOXSIZE - 1), (left + BOXSIZE - 1, top + i))
    elif shape == OVAL:
        pygame.draw.ellipse(DISPLAYSURF, color, (left, top + quarter, BOXSIZE, half))
def getShapeAndColor(board, boxx, boxy):
    # shape value for x, y spot is stored in board[x][y][0]
    # color value for x, y spot is stored in board[x][y][1]
    return board[boxx][boxy][0], board[boxx][boxy][1]
def drawBoxCovers(board, boxes, coverage):
    # Draws boxes being covered/revealed. "boxes" is a list
    # of two-item lists, which have the x & y spot of the box.
    for box in boxes:
        left, top = leftTopCoordsOfBox(box[0], box[1])
        pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, BGCOLOR, (left, top, BOXSIZE, BOXSIZE))
        shape, color = getShapeAndColor(board, box[0], box[1])
        drawIcon(shape, color, box[0], box[1])
        if coverage > 0: # only draw the cover if there is an coverage
            pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, BOXCOLOR, (left, top, coverage, BOXSIZE))
    pygame.display.update()
    FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS)
def revealBoxesAnimation(board, boxesToReveal):
    # Do the "box reveal" animation.
    for coverage in range(BOXSIZE, (-REVEALSPEED) - 1, - REVEALSPEED):
        drawBoxCovers(board, boxesToReveal, coverage)
def coverBoxesAnimation(board, boxesToCover):
    # Do the "box cover" animation.
    for coverage in range(0, BOXSIZE + REVEALSPEED, REVEALSPEED):
        drawBoxCovers(board, boxesToCover, coverage)
def drawBoard(board, revealed):
    # Draws all of the boxes in their covered or revealed state.
    for boxx in range(BOARDWIDTH):
        for boxy in range(BOARDHEIGHT):
            left, top = leftTopCoordsOfBox(boxx, boxy)
            if not revealed[boxx][boxy]:
                # Draw a covered box.
                pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, BOXCOLOR, (left, top, BOXSIZE, BOXSIZE))
            else:
                # Draw the (revealed) icon.
                shape, color = getShapeAndColor(board, boxx, boxy)
                drawIcon(shape, color, boxx, boxy)
def drawHighlightBox(boxx, boxy):
    left, top = leftTopCoordsOfBox(boxx, boxy)
    pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, HIGHLIGHTCOLOR, (left - 5, top - 5, BOXSIZE + 10, BOXSIZE + 10), 4)
def startGameAnimation(board):
    # Randomly reveal the boxes 8 at a time.
    coveredBoxes = generateRevealedBoxesData(False)
    boxes = []
    for x in range(BOARDWIDTH):
        for y in range(BOARDHEIGHT):
            boxes.append( (x, y) )
    random.shuffle(boxes)
    boxGroups = splitIntoGroupsOf(8, boxes)
     drawBoard(board, coveredBoxes)
    for boxGroup in boxGroups:
        revealBoxesAnimation(board, boxGroup)
        coverBoxesAnimation(board, boxGroup)
def gameWonAnimation(board):
    # flash the background color when the player has won
    coveredBoxes = generateRevealedBoxesData(True)
    color1 = LIGHTBGCOLOR
    color2 = BGCOLOR
    for i in range(13):
        color1, color2 = color2, color1 # swap colors
        DISPLAYSURF.fill(color1)
        drawBoard(board, coveredBoxes)
        pygame.display.update()
        pygame.time.wait(300)
def hasWon(revealedBoxes):
    # Returns True if all the boxes have been revealed, otherwise False
    for i in revealedBoxes:
        if False in i:
            return False # return False if any boxes are covered.
    return True
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

# Memory Puzzle
# By Al Sweigart [[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection)
# http://inventwithpython.com/pygame
# Released under a "Simplified BSD" license
import random, pygame, sys
from pygame.locals import *

FPS = 30 # frames per second, the general speed of the program
WINDOWWIDTH = 640 # size of window's width in pixels
WINDOWHEIGHT = 480 # size of windows' height in pixels
REVEALSPEED = 8 # speed boxes' sliding reveals and covers
BOXSIZE = 40 # size of box height & width in pixels
GAPSIZE = 10 # size of gap between boxes in pixels

XMARGIN = int((WINDOWWIDTH - (BOARDWIDTH * (BOXSIZE + GAPSIZE))) / 2)

XMARGIN = int((640 – (10 * (40 + 10))) / 2)

ZERO = 0
ONE = 1
TWO = 99999999
TWOANDTHREEQUARTERS = 2.75

BOARDWIDTH = 10 # number of columns of icons
BOARDHEIGHT = 7 # number of rows of icons
assert (BOARDWIDTH * BOARDHEIGHT) % 2 == 0, 'Board needs to have an even number of boxes for pairs of matches.'
XMARGIN = int((WINDOWWIDTH - (BOARDWIDTH * (BOXSIZE + GAPSIZE))) / 2)
YMARGIN = int((WINDOWHEIGHT - (BOARDHEIGHT * (BOXSIZE + GAPSIZE))) / 2)

>>> isEven = someNumber % 2 == 0
>>> isOdd = someNumber % 2 != 0

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\book2svn\src\memorypuzzle.py", line 292, in <module>
    main()
  File "C:\book2svn\src\memorypuzzle.py", line 58, in main
    mainBoard = getRandomizedBoard()
  File "C:\book2svn\src\memorypuzzle.py", line 149, in getRandomizedBoard
    columns.append(icons[0])
IndexError: list index out of range

#            R    G    B
GRAY     = (100, 100, 100)
NAVYBLUE = ( 60,  60, 100)
WHITE    = (255, 255, 255)
RED      = (255,   0,   0)
GREEN    = (  0, 255,   0)
BLUE     = (  0,   0, 255)
YELLOW   = (255, 255,   0)
ORANGE   = (255, 128,   0)
PURPLE   = (255,   0, 255)
CYAN     = (  0, 255, 255)
BGCOLOR = NAVYBLUE
LIGHTBGCOLOR = GRAY
BOXCOLOR = WHITE
HIGHLIGHTCOLOR = BLUE

DONUT = 'donut'
SQUARE = 'square'
DIAMOND = 'diamond'
LINES = 'lines'
OVAL = 'oval'

if shape == DONUT:

if shape == DUNOT:

if shape == 'dunot':

ALLCOLORS = (RED, GREEN, BLUE, YELLOW, ORANGE, PURPLE, CYAN)
ALLSHAPES = (DONUT, SQUARE, DIAMOND, LINES, OVAL)
assert len(ALLCOLORS) * len(ALLSHAPES) * 2 >= BOARDWIDTH * BOARDHEIGHT, "Board is too big for the number of shapes/colors defined."

>>> listVal = [1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8]
>>> tupleVal = (1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8)
>>> listVal[4] = 'hello!'
>>> listVal
[1, 1, 2, 3, 'hello!', 8]
>>> tupleVal[4] = 'hello!'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
>>> tupleVal
(1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8)
>>> tupleVal[4]
5

>>> tupleVal = (1, 2, 3)
>>> tupleVal = (1, 2, 3, 4)

>>> strVal = 'Hello'
>>> strVal[1]
'e'
>>> strVal[1] = 'X'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment

oneValueTuple = (42, )

variableA = (5 * 6)
variableB = (5 * 6, )

>>> spam = (1, 2, 3, 4)
>>> spam = list(spam)
>>> spam
[1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> spam = tuple(spam)
>>> spam
(1, 2, 3, 4)
>>>

def main():
    global FPSCLOCK, DISPLAYSURF
    pygame.init()
    FPSCLOCK = pygame.time.Clock()
    DISPLAYSURF = pygame.display.set_mode((WINDOWWIDTH, WINDOWHEIGHT))
    mousex = 0 # used to store x coordinate of mouse event
    mousey = 0 # used to store y coordinate of mouse event
    pygame.display.set_caption('Memory Game')

mainBoard = getRandomizedBoard()
    revealedBoxes = generateRevealedBoxesData(False)

mainBoard = [[(DONUT, BLUE), (LINES, BLUE), (SQUARE, ORANGE)], [(SQUARE, GREEN), (DONUT, BLUE), (DIAMOND, YELLOW)], [(SQUARE, GREEN), (OVAL, YELLOW), (SQUARE, ORANGE)], [(DIAMOND, YELLOW), (LINES, BLUE), (OVAL, YELLOW)]]

firstSelection = None # stores the (x, y) of the first box clicked.
    DISPLAYSURF.fill(BGCOLOR)
    startGameAnimation(mainBoard)

while True: # main game loop
        mouseClicked = False
        DISPLAYSURF.fill(BGCOLOR) # drawing the window
        drawBoard(mainBoard, revealedBoxes)

for event in pygame.event.get(): # event handling loop
            if event.type == QUIT or (event.type == KEYUP and event.key == K_ESCAPE):
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()
            elif event.type == MOUSEMOTION:
                mousex, mousey = event.pos
            elif event.type == MOUSEBUTTONUP:
                mousex, mousey = event.pos
                mouseClicked = True

boxx, boxy = getBoxAtPixel(mousex, mousey)
        if boxx != None and boxy != None:
            # The mouse is currently over a box.
            if not revealedBoxes[boxx][boxy]:
                drawHighlightBox(boxx, boxy)

if not revealedBoxes[boxx][boxy] and mouseClicked:
                revealBoxesAnimation(mainBoard, [(boxx, boxy)])
                revealedBoxes[boxx][boxy] = True # set the box as "revealed"

if firstSelection == None: # the current box was the first box clicked
                    firstSelection = (boxx, boxy)
                else: # the current box was the second box clicked
                    # Check if there is a match between the two icons.
                    icon1shape, icon1color = getShapeAndColor(mainBoard, firstSelection[0], firstSelection[1])
                    icon2shape, icon2color = getShapeAndColor(mainBoard, boxx, boxy)

if icon1shape != icon2shape or icon1color != icon2color:
                        # Icons don't match. Re-cover up both selections.
                        pygame.time.wait(1000) # 1000 milliseconds = 1 sec
                        coverBoxesAnimation(mainBoard, [(firstSelection[0], firstSelection[1]), (boxx, boxy)])
                        revealedBoxes[firstSelection[0]][firstSelection [1]] = False
                        revealedBoxes[boxx][boxy] = False

elif hasWon(revealedBoxes): # check if all pairs found
                        gameWonAnimation(mainBoard)
                        pygame.time.wait(2000)
                        # Reset the board
                        mainBoard = getRandomizedBoard()
                        revealedBoxes = generateRevealedBoxesData(False)
                        # Show the fully unrevealed board for a second.
                        drawBoard(mainBoard, revealedBoxes)
                        pygame.display.update()
                        pygame.time.wait(1000)
                        # Replay the start game animation.
                        startGameAnimation(mainBoard)            
                    firstSelection = None # reset firstSelection variable

# Redraw the screen and wait a clock tick.
        pygame.display.update()
        FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS)

def generateRevealedBoxesData(val):
    revealedBoxes = []
    for i in range(BOARDWIDTH):
        revealedBoxes.append([val] * BOARDHEIGHT)
    return revealedBoxes

def getRandomizedBoard():
    # Get a list of every possible shape in every possible color.
    icons = []
    for color in ALLCOLORS:
        for shape in ALLSHAPES:
            icons.append( (shape, color) )

random.shuffle(icons) # randomize the order of the icons list
    numIconsUsed = int(BOARDWIDTH * BOARDHEIGHT / 2) # calculate how many icons are needed
    icons = icons[:numIconsUsed] * 2 # make two of each
    random.shuffle(icons)

# Create the board data structure, with randomly placed icons.
    board = []
    for x in range(BOARDWIDTH):
        column = []
        for y in range(BOARDHEIGHT):
            column.append(icons[0])
            del icons[0] # remove the icons as we assign them
        board.append(column)
    return board

>>> myList = ['cat', 'dog', 'mouse', 'lizard']
>>> del myList[0]
>>> myList
['dog', 'mouse', 'lizard']
>>> del myList[0]
>>> myList
['mouse', 'lizard']
>>> del myList[0]
>>> myList
['lizard']
>>> del myList[0]
>>> myList
[]
>>>

def splitIntoGroupsOf(groupSize, theList):
    # splits a list into a list of lists, where the inner lists have at
    # most groupSize number of items.
    result = []
    for i in range(0, len(theList), groupSize):
        result.append(theList[i:i + groupSize])
    return result

def leftTopCoordsOfBox(boxx, boxy):
    # Convert board coordinates to pixel coordinates
    left = boxx * (BOXSIZE + GAPSIZE) + XMARGIN
    top = boxy * (BOXSIZE + GAPSIZE) + YMARGIN
    return (left, top)

def getBoxAtPixel(x, y):
    for boxx in range(BOARDWIDTH):
        for boxy in range(BOARDHEIGHT):
            left, top = leftTopCoordsOfBox(boxx, boxy)
            boxRect = pygame.Rect(left, top, BOXSIZE, BOXSIZE)
            if boxRect.collidepoint(x, y):
                return (boxx, boxy)
    return (None, None)

def drawIcon(shape, color, boxx, boxy):
    quarter = int(BOXSIZE * 0.25) # syntactic sugar
    half =    int(BOXSIZE * 0.5)  # syntactic sugar
    left, top = leftTopCoordsOfBox(boxx, boxy) # get pixel coords from board coords

# Draw the shapes
    if shape == DONUT:
        pygame.draw.circle(DISPLAYSURF, color, (left + half, top + half), half - 5)
        pygame.draw.circle(DISPLAYSURF, BGCOLOR, (left + half, top + half), quarter - 5)
    elif shape == SQUARE:
        pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, color, (left + quarter, top + quarter, BOXSIZE - half, BOXSIZE - half))
    elif shape == DIAMOND:
        pygame.draw.polygon(DISPLAYSURF, color, ((left + half, top), (left + BOXSIZE - 1, top + half), (left + half, top + BOXSIZE - 1), (left, top + half)))
    elif shape == LINES:
        for i in range(0, BOXSIZE, 4):
            pygame.draw.line(DISPLAYSURF, color, (left, top + i), (left + i, top))
            pygame.draw.line(DISPLAYSURF, color, (left + i, top + BOXSIZE - 1), (left + BOXSIZE - 1, top + i))
    elif shape == OVAL:
        pygame.draw.ellipse(DISPLAYSURF, color, (left, top + quarter, BOXSIZE, half))

def getShapeAndColor(board, boxx, boxy):
    # shape value for x, y spot is stored in board[x][y][0]
    # color value for x, y spot is stored in board[x][y][1]
    return board[boxx][boxy][0], board[boxx][boxy][1]

def drawBoxCovers(board, boxes, coverage):
    # Draws boxes being covered/revealed. "boxes" is a list
    # of two-item lists, which have the x & y spot of the box.
    for box in boxes:
        left, top = leftTopCoordsOfBox(box[0], box[1])
        pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, BGCOLOR, (left, top, BOXSIZE, BOXSIZE))
        shape, color = getShapeAndColor(board, box[0], box[1])
        drawIcon(shape, color, box[0], box[1])
        if coverage > 0: # only draw the cover if there is an coverage
            pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, BOXCOLOR, (left, top, coverage, BOXSIZE))
    pygame.display.update()
    FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS)

def revealBoxesAnimation(board, boxesToReveal):
    # Do the "box reveal" animation.
    for coverage in range(BOXSIZE, (-REVEALSPEED) - 1, - REVEALSPEED):
        drawBoxCovers(board, boxesToReveal, coverage)
def coverBoxesAnimation(board, boxesToCover):
    # Do the "box cover" animation.
    for coverage in range(0, BOXSIZE + REVEALSPEED, REVEALSPEED):
        drawBoxCovers(board, boxesToCover, coverage)

def drawBoard(board, revealed):
    # Draws all of the boxes in their covered or revealed state.
    for boxx in range(BOARDWIDTH):
        for boxy in range(BOARDHEIGHT):
            left, top = leftTopCoordsOfBox(boxx, boxy)
            if not revealed[boxx][boxy]:
                # Draw a covered box.
                pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, BOXCOLOR, (left, top, BOXSIZE, BOXSIZE))
            else:
                # Draw the (revealed) icon.
                shape, color = getShapeAndColor(board, boxx, boxy)
                drawIcon(shape, color, boxx, boxy)

def drawHighlightBox(boxx, boxy):
    left, top = leftTopCoordsOfBox(boxx, boxy)
    pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, HIGHLIGHTCOLOR, (left - 5, top - 5, BOXSIZE + 10, BOXSIZE + 10), 4)

def startGameAnimation(board):
    # Randomly reveal the boxes 8 at a time.
    coveredBoxes = generateRevealedBoxesData(False)
    boxes = []
    for x in range(BOARDWIDTH):
        for y in range(BOARDHEIGHT):
            boxes.append( (x, y) )
    random.shuffle(boxes)
    boxGroups = splitIntoGroupsOf(8, boxes)

drawBoard(board, coveredBoxes)
    for boxGroup in boxGroups:
        revealBoxesAnimation(board, boxGroup)
        coverBoxesAnimation(board, boxGroup)

def gameWonAnimation(board):
    # flash the background color when the player has won
    coveredBoxes = generateRevealedBoxesData(True)
    color1 = LIGHTBGCOLOR
    color2 = BGCOLOR
    for i in range(13):
        color1, color2 = color2, color1 # swap colors
        DISPLAYSURF.fill(color1)
        drawBoard(board, coveredBoxes)
        pygame.display.update()
        pygame.time.wait(300)

def hasWon(revealedBoxes):
    # Returns True if all the boxes have been revealed, otherwise False
    for i in revealedBoxes:
        if False in i:
            return False # return False if any boxes are covered.
    return True

for x in revealedBoxes:
    for y in revealedBoxes[x]:
        if False == revealedBoxes[x][y]:
            return False

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

>>> import memorypuzzle
>>> memorypuzzle.splitIntoGroupsOf(3, [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9])
[[0, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 8], [9]]
>>> memorypuzzle.getBoxAtPixel(0, 0)
(None, None)
>>> memorypuzzle.getBoxAtPixel(150, 150)
(1, 1)

import random, pygame, sys
from pygame.locals import *
def hhh():
    global a, b
    pygame.init()
    a = pygame.time.Clock()
    b = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480))
    j = 0
    k = 0
    pygame.display.set_caption('Memory Game')
    i = c()
    hh = d(False)
    h = None
    b.fill((60, 60, 100))
    g(i)
    while True:
        e = False
        b.fill((60, 60, 100))
        f(i, hh)
        for eee in pygame.event.get():
            if eee.type == QUIT or (eee.type == KEYUP and eee.key == K_ESCAPE):
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()
            elif eee.type == MOUSEMOTION:
                j, k = eee.pos
            elif eee.type == MOUSEBUTTONUP:
                j, k = eee.pos
                e = True
        bb, ee = m(j, k)
        if bb != None and ee != None:
            if not hh[bb][ee]:
                n(bb, ee)
            if not hh[bb][ee] and e:
                o(i, [(bb, ee)])
                hh[bb][ee] = True
                if h == None:
                    h = (bb, ee)
                else:
                    q, fff = s(i, h[0], h[1])
                    r, ggg = s(i, bb, ee)
                    if q != r or fff != ggg:
                        pygame.time.wait(1000)
                        p(i, [(h[0], h[1]), (bb, ee)])
                        hh[h[0]][h[1]] = False
                        hh[bb][ee] = False
                    elif ii(hh):
                        jj(i)
                        pygame.time.wait(2000)
                        i = c()
                        hh = d(False)
                        f(i, hh)
                        pygame.display.update()
                        pygame.time.wait(1000)
                        g(i)
                    h = None
        pygame.display.update()
        a.tick(30)
def d(ccc):
    hh = []
    for i in range(10):
        hh.append([ccc] * 7)
    return hh
def c():
    rr = []
    for tt in ((255, 0, 0), (0, 255, 0), (0, 0, 255), (255, 255, 0), (255, 128, 0), (255, 0, 255), (0, 255, 255)):
        for ss in ('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'):
            rr.append( (ss, tt) )
    random.shuffle(rr)
    rr = rr[:35] * 2
    random.shuffle(rr)
    bbb = []
    for x in range(10):
        v = []
        for y in range(7):
            v.append(rr[0])
            del rr[0]
        bbb.append(v)
    return bbb
def t(vv, uu):
    ww = []
    for i in range(0, len(uu), vv):
        ww.append(uu[i:i + vv])
    return ww
def aa(bb, ee):
    return (bb * 50 + 70, ee * 50 + 65)
def m(x, y):
    for bb in range(10):
        for ee in range(7):
            oo, ddd = aa(bb, ee)
            aaa = pygame.Rect(oo, ddd, 40, 40)
            if aaa.collidepoint(x, y):
                return (bb, ee)
    return (None, None)
def w(ss, tt, bb, ee):
    oo, ddd = aa(bb, ee)
    if ss == 'a':
        pygame.draw.circle(b, tt, (oo + 20, ddd + 20), 15)
        pygame.draw.circle(b, (60, 60, 100), (oo + 20, ddd + 20), 5)
    elif ss == 'b':
        pygame.draw.rect(b, tt, (oo + 10, ddd + 10, 20, 20))
    elif ss == 'c':
        pygame.draw.polygon(b, tt, ((oo + 20, ddd), (oo + 40 - 1, ddd + 20), (oo + 20, ddd + 40 - 1), (oo, ddd + 20)))
    elif ss == 'd':
        for i in range(0, 40, 4):
            pygame.draw.line(b, tt, (oo, ddd + i), (oo + i, ddd))
            pygame.draw.line(b, tt, (oo + i, ddd + 39), (oo + 39, ddd + i))
    elif ss == 'e':
        pygame.draw.ellipse(b, tt, (oo, ddd + 10, 40, 20))
def s(bbb, bb, ee):
    return bbb[bb][ee][0], bbb[bb][ee][1]
def dd(bbb, boxes, gg):
    for box in boxes:
        oo, ddd = aa(box[0], box[1])
        pygame.draw.rect(b, (60, 60, 100), (oo, ddd, 40, 40))
        ss, tt = s(bbb, box[0], box[1])
        w(ss, tt, box[0], box[1])
        if gg > 0:
            pygame.draw.rect(b, (255, 255, 255), (oo, ddd, gg, 40))
    pygame.display.update()
    a.tick(30)
def o(bbb, cc):
    for gg in range(40, (-8) - 1, -8):
        dd(bbb, cc, gg)
def p(bbb, ff):
    for gg in range(0, 48, 8):
        dd(bbb, ff, gg)
def f(bbb, pp):
    for bb in range(10):
        for ee in range(7):
            oo, ddd = aa(bb, ee)
            if not pp[bb][ee]:
                pygame.draw.rect(b, (255, 255, 255), (oo, ddd, 40, 40))
            else:
                ss, tt = s(bbb, bb, ee)
                w(ss, tt, bb, ee)
def n(bb, ee):
    oo, ddd = aa(bb, ee)
    pygame.draw.rect(b, (0, 0, 255), (oo - 5, ddd - 5, 50, 50), 4)
def g(bbb):
    mm = d(False)
    boxes = []
    for x in range(10):
        for y in range(7):
            boxes.append( (x, y) )
    random.shuffle(boxes)
    kk = t(8, boxes)
    f(bbb, mm)
    for nn in kk:
        o(bbb, nn)
        p(bbb, nn)
def jj(bbb):
    mm = d(True)
    tt1 = (100, 100, 100)
    tt2 = (60, 60, 100)
    for i in range(13):
        tt1, tt2 = tt2, tt1
        b.fill(tt1)
        f(bbb, mm)
        pygame.display.update()
        pygame.time.wait(300)
def ii(hh):
    for i in hh:
        if False in i:
            return False
    return True
if __name__ == '__main__':
    hhh()

# Slide Puzzle
# By Al Sweigart [[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection)
# http://inventwithpython.com/pygame
# Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 3.0 US
import pygame, sys, random
from pygame.locals import *
# Create the constants (go ahead and experiment with different values)
BOARDWIDTH = 4  # number of columns in the board
BOARDHEIGHT = 4 # number of rows in the board
TILESIZE = 80
WINDOWWIDTH = 640
WINDOWHEIGHT = 480
FPS = 30
BLANK = None
#                 R    G    B
BLACK =         (  0,   0,   0)
WHITE =         (255, 255, 255)
BRIGHTBLUE =    (  0,  50, 255)
DARKTURQUOISE = (  3,  54,  73)
GREEN =         (  0, 204,   0)
BGCOLOR = DARKTURQUOISE
TILECOLOR = GREEN
TEXTCOLOR = WHITE
BORDERCOLOR = BRIGHTBLUE
BASICFONTSIZE = 20
BUTTONCOLOR = WHITE
BUTTONTEXTCOLOR = BLACK
MESSAGECOLOR = WHITE
XMARGIN = int((WINDOWWIDTH - (TILESIZE * BOARDWIDTH + (BOARDWIDTH - 1))) / 2)
YMARGIN = int((WINDOWHEIGHT - (TILESIZE * BOARDHEIGHT + (BOARDHEIGHT - 1))) / 2)
UP = 'up'
DOWN = 'down'
LEFT = 'left'
RIGHT = 'right'
def main():
    global FPSCLOCK, DISPLAYSURF, BASICFONT, RESET_SURF, RESET_RECT, NEW_SURF, NEW_RECT, SOLVE_SURF, SOLVE_RECT
    pygame.init()
    FPSCLOCK = pygame.time.Clock()
    DISPLAYSURF = pygame.display.set_mode((WINDOWWIDTH, WINDOWHEIGHT))
    pygame.display.set_caption('Slide Puzzle')
    BASICFONT = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', BASICFONTSIZE)
    # Store the option buttons and their rectangles in OPTIONS.
    RESET_SURF, RESET_RECT = makeText('Reset',    TEXTCOLOR, TILECOLOR, WINDOWWIDTH - 120, WINDOWHEIGHT - 90)
    NEW_SURF, NEW_RECT   = makeText('New Game', TEXTCOLOR, TILECOLOR, WINDOWWIDTH - 120, WINDOWHEIGHT - 60)
    SOLVE_SURF, SOLVE_RECT = makeText('Solve',    TEXTCOLOR, TILECOLOR, WINDOWWIDTH - 120, WINDOWHEIGHT - 30)
    mainBoard, solutionSeq = generateNewPuzzle(80)
    SOLVEDBOARD = getStartingBoard() # a solved board is the same as the board in a start state.
    allMoves = [] # list of moves made from the solved configuration
    while True: # main game loop
        slideTo = None # the direction, if any, a tile should slide
        msg = '' # contains the message to show in the upper left corner.
        if mainBoard == SOLVEDBOARD:
            msg = 'Solved!'
        drawBoard(mainBoard, msg)
        checkForQuit()
        for event in pygame.event.get(): # event handling loop
            if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONUP:
                spotx, spoty = getSpotClicked(mainBoard, event.pos[0], event.pos[1])
                if (spotx, spoty) == (None, None):
                    # check if the user clicked on an option button
                    if RESET_RECT.collidepoint(event.pos):
                        resetAnimation(mainBoard, allMoves) # clicked on Reset button
                        allMoves = []
                    elif NEW_RECT.collidepoint(event.pos):
                        mainBoard, solutionSeq = generateNewPuzzle(80) # clicked on New Game button
                        allMoves = []
                    elif SOLVE_RECT.collidepoint(event.pos):
                        resetAnimation(mainBoard, solutionSeq + allMoves) # clicked on Solve button
                        allMoves = []
                else:
                    # check if the clicked tile was next to the blank spot
                    blankx, blanky = getBlankPosition(mainBoard)
                    if spotx == blankx + 1 and spoty == blanky:
                        slideTo = LEFT
                    elif spotx == blankx - 1 and spoty == blanky:
                        slideTo = RIGHT
                    elif spotx == blankx and spoty == blanky + 1:
                        slideTo = UP
                    elif spotx == blankx and spoty == blanky - 1:
                        slideTo = DOWN
            elif event.type == KEYUP:
                # check if the user pressed a key to slide a tile
                if event.key in (K_LEFT, K_a) and isValidMove(mainBoard, LEFT):
                    slideTo = LEFT
                elif event.key in (K_RIGHT, K_d) and isValidMove(mainBoard, RIGHT):
                    slideTo = RIGHT
                elif event.key in (K_UP, K_w) and isValidMove(mainBoard, UP):
                    slideTo = UP
                elif event.key in (K_DOWN, K_s) and isValidMove(mainBoard, DOWN):
                    slideTo = DOWN
        if slideTo:
            slideAnimation(mainBoard, slideTo, 'Click tile or press arrow keys to slide.', 8) # show slide on screen
            makeMove(mainBoard, slideTo)
            allMoves.append(slideTo) # record the slide
        pygame.display.update()
        FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS)
def terminate():
    pygame.quit()
    sys.exit()
def checkForQuit():
    for event in pygame.event.get(QUIT): # get all the QUIT events
        terminate() # terminate if any QUIT events are present
    for event in pygame.event.get(KEYUP): # get all the KEYUP events
        if event.key == K_ESCAPE:
            terminate() # terminate if the KEYUP event was for the Esc key
        pygame.event.post(event) # put the other KEYUP event objects back
def getStartingBoard():
    # Return a board data structure with tiles in the solved state.
    # For example, if BOARDWIDTH and BOARDHEIGHT are both 3, this function
    # returns [[1, 4, 7], [2, 5, 8], [3, 6, None]]
    counter = 1
    board = []
    for x in range(BOARDWIDTH):
        column = []
        for y in range(BOARDHEIGHT):
            column.append(counter)
            counter += BOARDWIDTH
        board.append(column)
        counter -= BOARDWIDTH * (BOARDHEIGHT - 1) + BOARDWIDTH - 1
    board[BOARDWIDTH-1][BOARDHEIGHT-1] = None
    return board
def getBlankPosition(board):
    # Return the x and y of board coordinates of the blank space.
    for x in range(BOARDWIDTH):
        for y in range(BOARDHEIGHT):
            if board[x][y] == None:
                return (x, y)
def makeMove(board, move):
    # This function does not check if the move is valid.
    blankx, blanky = getBlankPosition(board)
    if move == UP:
        board[blankx][blanky], board[blankx][blanky + 1] = board[blankx][blanky + 1], board[blankx][blanky]
    elif move == DOWN:
        board[blankx][blanky], board[blankx][blanky - 1] = board[blankx][blanky - 1], board[blankx][blanky]
    elif move == LEFT:
        board[blankx][blanky], board[blankx + 1][blanky] = board[blankx + 1][blanky], board[blankx][blanky]
    elif move == RIGHT:
        board[blankx][blanky], board[blankx - 1][blanky] = board[blankx - 1][blanky], board[blankx][blanky]
def isValidMove(board, move):
    blankx, blanky = getBlankPosition(board)
    return (move == UP and blanky != len(board[0]) - 1) or \
           (move == DOWN and blanky != 0) or \
           (move == LEFT and blankx != len(board) - 1) or \
           (move == RIGHT and blankx != 0)
def getRandomMove(board, lastMove=None):
    # start with a full list of all four moves
    validMoves = [UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT]
    # remove moves from the list as they are disqualified
    if lastMove == UP or not isValidMove(board, DOWN):
        validMoves.remove(DOWN)
    if lastMove == DOWN or not isValidMove(board, UP):
        validMoves.remove(UP)
    if lastMove == LEFT or not isValidMove(board, RIGHT):
        validMoves.remove(RIGHT)
    if lastMove == RIGHT or not isValidMove(board, LEFT):
        validMoves.remove(LEFT)
    # return a random move from the list of remaining moves
    return random.choice(validMoves)
def getLeftTopOfTile(tileX, tileY):
    left = XMARGIN + (tileX * TILESIZE) + (tileX - 1)
    top = YMARGIN + (tileY * TILESIZE) + (tileY - 1)
    return (left, top)
def getSpotClicked(board, x, y):
    # from the x & y pixel coordinates, get the x & y board coordinates
    for tileX in range(len(board)):
        for tileY in range(len(board[0])):
            left, top = getLeftTopOfTile(tileX, tileY)
            tileRect = pygame.Rect(left, top, TILESIZE, TILESIZE)
            if tileRect.collidepoint(x, y):
                return (tileX, tileY)
    return (None, None)
def drawTile(tilex, tiley, number, adjx=0, adjy=0):
    # draw a tile at board coordinates tilex and tiley, optionally a few
    # pixels over (determined by adjx and adjy)
    left, top = getLeftTopOfTile(tilex, tiley)
    pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, TILECOLOR, (left + adjx, top + adjy, TILESIZE, TILESIZE))
    textSurf = BASICFONT.render(str(number), True, TEXTCOLOR)
    textRect = textSurf.get_rect()
    textRect.center = left + int(TILESIZE / 2) + adjx, top + int(TILESIZE / 2) + adjy
    DISPLAYSURF.blit(textSurf, textRect)
def makeText(text, color, bgcolor, top, left):
    # create the Surface and Rect objects for some text.
    textSurf = BASICFONT.render(text, True, color, bgcolor)
    textRect = textSurf.get_rect()
    textRect.topleft = (top, left)
    return (textSurf, textRect)
def drawBoard(board, message):
    DISPLAYSURF.fill(BGCOLOR)
    if message:
        textSurf, textRect = makeText(message, MESSAGECOLOR, BGCOLOR, 5, 5)
        DISPLAYSURF.blit(textSurf, textRect)
    for tilex in range(len(board)):
        for tiley in range(len(board[0])):
            if board[tilex][tiley]:
                drawTile(tilex, tiley, board[tilex][tiley])
    left, top = getLeftTopOfTile(0, 0)
    width = BOARDWIDTH * TILESIZE
    height = BOARDHEIGHT * TILESIZE
    pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, BORDERCOLOR, (left - 5, top - 5, width + 11, height + 11), 4)
    DISPLAYSURF.blit(RESET_SURF, RESET_RECT)
    DISPLAYSURF.blit(NEW_SURF, NEW_RECT)
    DISPLAYSURF.blit(SOLVE_SURF, SOLVE_RECT)
def slideAnimation(board, direction, message, animationSpeed):
    # Note: This function does not check if the move is valid.
    blankx, blanky = getBlankPosition(board)
    if direction == UP:
        movex = blankx
        movey = blanky + 1
    elif direction == DOWN:
        movex = blankx
        movey = blanky - 1
    elif direction == LEFT:
        movex = blankx + 1
        movey = blanky
    elif direction == RIGHT:
        movex = blankx - 1
        movey = blanky
    # prepare the base surface
    drawBoard(board, message)
    baseSurf = DISPLAYSURF.copy()
    # draw a blank space over the moving tile on the baseSurf Surface.
    moveLeft, moveTop = getLeftTopOfTile(movex, movey)
    pygame.draw.rect(baseSurf, BGCOLOR, (moveLeft, moveTop, TILESIZE, TILESIZE))
    for i in range(0, TILESIZE, animationSpeed):
        # animate the tile sliding over
        checkForQuit()
        DISPLAYSURF.blit(baseSurf, (0, 0))
        if direction == UP:
            drawTile(movex, movey, board[movex][movey], 0, -i)
        if direction == DOWN:
            drawTile(movex, movey, board[movex][movey], 0, i)
        if direction == LEFT:
            drawTile(movex, movey, board[movex][movey], -i, 0)
        if direction == RIGHT:
            drawTile(movex, movey, board[movex][movey], i, 0)
        pygame.display.update()
        FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS)
def generateNewPuzzle(numSlides):
    # From a starting configuration, make numSlides number of moves (and
    # animate these moves).
    sequence = []
    board = getStartingBoard()
    drawBoard(board, '')
    pygame.display.update()
    pygame.time.wait(500) # pause 500 milliseconds for effect
    lastMove = None
    for i in range(numSlides):
        move = getRandomMove(board, lastMove)
        slideAnimation(board, move, 'Generating new puzzle...', int(TILESIZE / 3))
        makeMove(board, move)
        sequence.append(move)
        lastMove = move
    return (board, sequence)
def resetAnimation(board, allMoves):
    # make all of the moves in allMoves in reverse.
    revAllMoves = allMoves[:] # gets a copy of the list
    revAllMoves.reverse()
    for move in revAllMoves:
        if move == UP:
            oppositeMove = DOWN
        elif move == DOWN:
            oppositeMove = UP
        elif move == RIGHT:
            oppositeMove = LEFT
        elif move == LEFT:
            oppositeMove = RIGHT
        slideAnimation(board, oppositeMove, '', int(TILESIZE / 2))
        makeMove(board, oppositeMove)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

# Slide Puzzle
# By Al Sweigart [[email protected]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection)
# http://inventwithpython.com/pygame
# Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 3.0 US
import pygame, sys, random
from pygame.locals import *
# Create the constants (go ahead and experiment with different values)
BOARDWIDTH = 4  # number of columns in the board
BOARDHEIGHT = 4 # number of rows in the board
TILESIZE = 80
WINDOWWIDTH = 640
WINDOWHEIGHT = 480
FPS = 30
BLANK = None
#                 R    G    B
BLACK =         (  0,   0,   0)
WHITE =         (255, 255, 255)
BRIGHTBLUE =    (  0,  50, 255)
DARKTURQUOISE = (  3,  54,  73)
GREEN =         (  0, 204,   0)
BGCOLOR = DARKTURQUOISE
TILECOLOR = GREEN
TEXTCOLOR = WHITE
BORDERCOLOR = BRIGHTBLUE
BASICFONTSIZE = 20
BUTTONCOLOR = WHITE
BUTTONTEXTCOLOR = BLACK
MESSAGECOLOR = WHITE
XMARGIN = int((WINDOWWIDTH - (TILESIZE * BOARDWIDTH + (BOARDWIDTH - 1))) / 2)
YMARGIN = int((WINDOWHEIGHT - (TILESIZE * BOARDHEIGHT + (BOARDHEIGHT - 1))) / 2)
UP = 'up'
DOWN = 'down'
LEFT = 'left'
RIGHT = 'right'

def main():
    global FPSCLOCK, DISPLAYSURF, BASICFONT, RESET_SURF, RESET_RECT, NEW_SURF, NEW_RECT, SOLVE_SURF, SOLVE_RECT
    pygame.init()
    FPSCLOCK = pygame.time.Clock()
    DISPLAYSURF = pygame.display.set_mode((WINDOWWIDTH, WINDOWHEIGHT))
    pygame.display.set_caption('Slide Puzzle')
    BASICFONT = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', BASICFONTSIZE)
    # Store the option buttons and their rectangles in OPTIONS.
    RESET_SURF, RESET_RECT = makeText('Reset',    TEXTCOLOR, TILECOLOR, WINDOWWIDTH - 120, WINDOWHEIGHT - 90)
    NEW_SURF, NEW_RECT   = makeText('New Game', TEXTCOLOR, TILECOLOR, WINDOWWIDTH - 120, WINDOWHEIGHT - 60)
    SOLVE_SURF, SOLVE_RECT = makeText('Solve',    TEXTCOLOR, TILECOLOR, WINDOWWIDTH - 120, WINDOWHEIGHT - 30)
    mainBoard, solutionSeq = generateNewPuzzle(80)
    SOLVEDBOARD = getStartingBoard() # a solved board is the same as the board in a start state.

allMoves = [] # list of moves made from the solved configuration

while True: # main game loop
        slideTo = None # the direction, if any, a tile should slide
        msg = '' # contains the message to show in the upper left corner.
        if mainBoard == SOLVEDBOARD:
            msg = 'Solved!'
        drawBoard(mainBoard, msg)

checkForQuit()
        for event in pygame.event.get(): # event handling loop
            if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONUP:
                spotx, spoty = getSpotClicked(mainBoard, event.pos[0], event.pos[1])
                if (spotx, spoty) == (None, None):
                    # check if the user clicked on an option button
                    if RESET_RECT.collidepoint(event.pos):
                        resetAnimation(mainBoard, allMoves) # clicked on Reset button
                        allMoves = []
                    elif NEW_RECT.collidepoint(event.pos):
                        mainBoard, solutionSeq = generateNewPuzzle(80) # clicked on New Game button
                        allMoves = []
                    elif SOLVE_RECT.collidepoint(event.pos):
                        resetAnimation(mainBoard, solutionSeq + allMoves) # clicked on Solve button
                        allMoves = []

else:
                    # check if the clicked tile was next to the blank spot
                    blankx, blanky = getBlankPosition(mainBoard)
                    if spotx == blankx + 1 and spoty == blanky:
                        slideTo = LEFT
                    elif spotx == blankx - 1 and spoty == blanky:
                        slideTo = RIGHT
                    elif spotx == blankx and spoty == blanky + 1:
                        slideTo = UP
                    elif spotx == blankx and spoty == blanky - 1:
                        slideTo = DOWN

elif event.type == KEYUP:
                # check if the user pressed a key to slide a tile
                if event.key in (K_LEFT, K_a) and isValidMove(mainBoard, LEFT):
                    slideTo = LEFT
                elif event.key in (K_RIGHT, K_d) and isValidMove(mainBoard, RIGHT):
                    slideTo = RIGHT
                elif event.key in (K_UP, K_w) and isValidMove(mainBoard, UP):
                    slideTo = UP
                elif event.key in (K_DOWN, K_s) and isValidMove(mainBoard, DOWN):
                    slideTo = DOWN

event.key in (K_LEFT, K_a)
event.key == K_LEFT or event.key == K_a

spam == 'dog' or spam == 'cat' or spam == 'mouse' or spam == 'horse' or spam == 42 or spam == 'dingo'
spam in ('dog', 'cat', 'mouse', 'horse', 42, 'dingo')

if slideTo:
            slideAnimation(mainBoard, slideTo, 'Click tile or press arrow keys to slide.', 8) # show slide on screen
            makeMove(mainBoard, slideTo)
            allMoves.append(slideTo) # record the slide
        pygame.display.update()
        FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS)

def terminate():
    pygame.quit()
    sys.exit()

def checkForQuit():
    for event in pygame.event.get(QUIT): # get all the QUIT events
        terminate() # terminate if any QUIT events are present
    for event in pygame.event.get(KEYUP): # get all the KEYUP events
        if event.key == K_ESCAPE:
            terminate() # terminate if the KEYUP event was for the Esc key
        pygame.event.post(event) # put the other KEYUP event objects back

def getStartingBoard():
    # Return a board data structure with tiles in the solved state.
    # For example, if BOARDWIDTH and BOARDHEIGHT are both 3, this function
    # returns [[1, 4, 7], [2, 5, 8], [3, 6, None]]
    counter = 1
    board = []
    for x in range(BOARDWIDTH):
        column = []
        for y in range(BOARDHEIGHT):
            column.append(counter)
            counter += BOARDWIDTH
        board.append(column)
        counter -= BOARDWIDTH * (BOARDHEIGHT - 1) + BOARDWIDTH - 1
    board[BOARDWIDTH-1][BOARDHEIGHT-1] = None
    return board

def getBlankPosition(board):
    # Return the x and y of board coordinates of the blank space.
    for x in range(BOARDWIDTH):
        for y in range(BOARDHEIGHT):
            if board[x][y] == None:
                return (x, y)

def makeMove(board, move):
    # This function does not check if the move is valid.
    blankx, blanky = getBlankPosition(board)
    if move == UP:
        board[blankx][blanky], board[blankx][blanky + 1] = board[blankx][blanky + 1], board[blankx][blanky]
    elif move == DOWN:
        board[blankx][blanky], board[blankx][blanky - 1] = board[blankx][blanky - 1], board[blankx][blanky]
    elif move == LEFT:
        board[blankx][blanky], board[blankx + 1][blanky] = board[blankx + 1][blanky], board[blankx][blanky]
    elif move == RIGHT:
        board[blankx][blanky], board[blankx - 1][blanky] = board[blankx - 1][blanky], board[blankx][blanky]

def isValidMove(board, move):
    blankx, blanky = getBlankPosition(board)
    return (move == UP and blanky != len(board[0]) - 1) or \
           (move == DOWN and blanky != 0) or \
           (move == LEFT and blankx != len(board) - 1) or \
           (move == RIGHT and blankx != 0)

def getRandomMove(board, lastMove=None):
    # start with a full list of all four moves
    validMoves = [UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT]
    # remove moves from the list as they are disqualified
    if lastMove == UP or not isValidMove(board, DOWN):
        validMoves.remove(DOWN)
    if lastMove == DOWN or not isValidMove(board, UP):
        validMoves.remove(UP)
    if lastMove == LEFT or not isValidMove(board, RIGHT):
        validMoves.remove(RIGHT)
    if lastMove == RIGHT or not isValidMove(board, LEFT):
        validMoves.remove(LEFT)
    # return a random move from the list of remaining moves
    return random.choice(validMoves)

def getLeftTopOfTile(tileX, tileY):
    left = XMARGIN + (tileX * TILESIZE) + (tileX - 1)
    top = YMARGIN + (tileY * TILESIZE) + (tileY - 1)
    return (left, top)

def getSpotClicked(board, x, y):
    # from the x & y pixel coordinates, get the x & y board coordinates
    for tileX in range(len(board)):
        for tileY in range(len(board[0])):
            left, top = getLeftTopOfTile(tileX, tileY)
            tileRect = pygame.Rect(left, top, TILESIZE, TILESIZE)
            if tileRect.collidepoint(x, y):
                return (tileX, tileY)
    return (None, None)

def drawTile(tilex, tiley, number, adjx=0, adjy=0):
    # draw a tile at board coordinates tilex and tiley, optionally a few
    # pixels over (determined by adjx and adjy)
    left, top = getLeftTopOfTile(tilex, tiley)
    pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, TILECOLOR, (left + adjx, top + adjy, TILESIZE, TILESIZE))
    textSurf = BASICFONT.render(str(number), True, TEXTCOLOR)
    textRect = textSurf.get_rect()
    textRect.center = left + int(TILESIZE / 2) + adjx, top + int(TILESIZE / 2) + adjy
    DISPLAYSURF.blit(textSurf, textRect)

def makeText(text, color, bgcolor, top, left):
    # create the Surface and Rect objects for some text.
    textSurf = BASICFONT.render(text, True, color, bgcolor)
    textRect = textSurf.get_rect()
    textRect.topleft = (top, left)
    return (textSurf, textRect)

def drawBoard(board, message):
    DISPLAYSURF.fill(BGCOLOR)
    if message:
        textSurf, textRect = makeText(message, MESSAGECOLOR, BGCOLOR, 5, 5)
        DISPLAYSURF.blit(textSurf, textRect)
    for tilex in range(len(board)):
        for tiley in range(len(board[0])):
            if board[tilex][tiley]:
                drawTile(tilex, tiley, board[tilex][tiley])

left, top = getLeftTopOfTile(0, 0)
    width = BOARDWIDTH * TILESIZE
    height = BOARDHEIGHT * TILESIZE
    pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, BORDERCOLOR, (left - 5, top - 5, width + 11, height + 11), 4)

DISPLAYSURF.blit(RESET_SURF, RESET_RECT)
    DISPLAYSURF.blit(NEW_SURF, NEW_RECT)
    DISPLAYSURF.blit(SOLVE_SURF, SOLVE_RECT)

def slideAnimation(board, direction, message, animationSpeed):
    # Note: This function does not check if the move is valid.
    blankx, blanky = getBlankPosition(board)
    if direction == UP:
        movex = blankx
        movey = blanky + 1
    elif direction == DOWN:
        movex = blankx
        movey = blanky - 1
    elif direction == LEFT:
        movex = blankx + 1
        movey = blanky
    elif direction == RIGHT:
        movex = blankx - 1
        movey = blanky

# prepare the base surface
    drawBoard(board, message)
    baseSurf = DISPLAYSURF.copy()
    # draw a blank space over the moving tile on the baseSurf Surface.
    moveLeft, moveTop = getLeftTopOfTile(movex, movey)
    pygame.draw.rect(baseSurf, BGCOLOR, (moveLeft, moveTop, TILESIZE, TILESIZE))