@[TOC]

前言

分析Spring Security的核心原理，可以从以下几个方面进行：

系统启动的时候Spring Security做了哪些事情？
发起一次请求后Spring Security做了哪些事情？

系统启动

当我们的Web服务启动的时候，SpringSecurity做了哪些事情？当系统启动的时候，首先会加载配置的web.xml文件

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
        "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
        "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app version="2.5" id="WebApp_ID" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
 http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

  <!-- 初始化spring容器 -->
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>

  <!-- post乱码过滤器 -->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
  <!-- 前端控制器 -->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServletb</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <!-- contextConfigLocation不是必须的， 如果不配置contextConfigLocation， springmvc的配置文件默认在：WEB-INF/servlet的name+"-servlet.xml" -->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServletb</servlet-name>
    <!-- 拦截所有请求jsp除外 -->
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <!-- 配置过滤器链 springSecurityFilterChain 名称固定 -->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

</web-app>

web.xml中与SpringSecurity相关的配置信息：

Spring的初始化(会加载解析SpringSecurity的配置文件)
加载DelegatingFilterProxy过滤器

Spring的初始化操作会加载SpringSecurity的配置文件，将相关的数据添加到Spring容器中

DelegatingFilterProxy过滤器：这个过滤器本身是和SpringSecurity没有关系的，会拦截所有的请求，包括SpringSecurity相关的过滤器。

Spring Security 对请求的处理

客户发送一个请求会经过很多个Web Filter拦截，web.xml中定义的 DelegatingFilterProxy 过滤器会拦截客户端的所有的请求。

当用户请求进来的时候会被doFilter方法拦截

public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
    Filter delegateToUse = this.delegate;
    if (delegateToUse == null) {
        // 如果 delegateToUse 为空 那么完成init中的初始化操作
        synchronized(this.delegateMonitor) {
            delegateToUse = this.delegate;
            if (delegateToUse == null) {
                WebApplicationContext wac = this.findWebApplicationContext();
                if (wac == null) {
                    throw new IllegalStateException("No WebApplicationContext found: no ContextLoaderListener or DispatcherServlet registered?");
                }

                delegateToUse = this.initDelegate(wac);
            }

            this.delegate = delegateToUse;
        }
    }

    this.invokeDelegate(delegateToUse, request, response, filterChain);
}

invokeDelegate

protected void invokeDelegate(Filter delegate, ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
    // delegate.doFilter() FilterChainProxy
    delegate.doFilter(request, response, filterChain);
}

在此处可以发现DelegatingFilterProxy最终是调用的委托代理对象的doFilter方法

FilterChainProxy

过滤器链的代理对象：增强过滤器链(具体处理请求的过滤器还不是FilterChainProxy ) 根据客户端的请求匹配合适的过滤器链链来处理请求，如下

// 处理用户请求
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
    boolean clearContext = request.getAttribute(FILTER_APPLIED) == null;
    if (clearContext) {
        try {
            request.setAttribute(FILTER_APPLIED, Boolean.TRUE);
            this.doFilterInternal(request, response, chain);
        } finally {
            SecurityContextHolder.clearContext();
            request.removeAttribute(FILTER_APPLIED);
        }
    } else {
        this.doFilterInternal(request, response, chain);
    }

}

doFilterInternal 获取对应处理请求的过滤器链，然后一一处理。

CSRFFilter：是Spring Security中用于防止跨站请求伪造（CSRF）攻击的过滤器。CSRFFilter通过在请求到达目标资源之前，验证请求的来源和身份认证信息是否匹配来防止CSRF攻击。它会在处理请求之前检查请求是否符合以下条件：

请求是否来自已认证的用户。
请求是否与目标资源的身份认证信息匹配。

如果以上两个条件都满足，则请求被允许继续处理，否则将被拒绝或者重定向到登录页面。

UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter：是Spring Security用来验证登陆用户密码的过滤器，在[认证流程]中有详细说明。

DefaultLoginPageGeneratingFilter：是Spring Security中负责生成登录页面的过滤器。当开发人员在安全配置中没有配置登录页面时，Spring Security Web会自动构造一个登录页面给用户。

public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
    HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)req;
    HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse)res;
    boolean loginError = this.isErrorPage(request);
    boolean logoutSuccess = this.isLogoutSuccess(request);
    if (!this.isLoginUrlRequest(request) && !loginError && !logoutSuccess) {
        // 正常的业务请求就直接放过
        chain.doFilter(request, response);
    } else {
        // 需要跳转到登录页面的请求
        String loginPageHtml = this.generateLoginPageHtml(request, loginError, logoutSuccess);
        // 直接响应登录页面
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        response.setContentLength(loginPageHtml.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8).length);
        response.getWriter().write(loginPageHtml);
    }
}

generateLoginPageHtml

private String generateLoginPageHtml(HttpServletRequest request, boolean loginError, boolean logoutSuccess) {
    String errorMsg = "Invalid credentials";
    if (loginError) {
        HttpSession session = request.getSession(false);
        if (session != null) {
            AuthenticationException ex = (AuthenticationException)session.getAttribute("SPRING_SECURITY_LAST_EXCEPTION");
            errorMsg = ex != null ? ex.getMessage() : "Invalid credentials";
        }
    }

    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    sb.append("<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n  <head>\n    <meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n    <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no\">\n    <meta name=\"description\" content=\"\">\n    <meta name=\"author\" content=\"\">\n    <title>Please sign in</title>\n    <link href=\"https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0-beta/css/bootstrap.min.css\" rel=\"stylesheet\" integrity=\"sha384-/Y6pD6FV/Vv2HJnA6t+vslU6fwYXjCFtcEpHbNJ0lyAFsXTsjBbfaDjzALeQsN6M\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\">\n    <link href=\"https://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/examples/signin/signin.css\" rel=\"stylesheet\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"/>\n  </head>\n  <body>\n     <div class=\"container\">\n");
    String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
    if (this.formLoginEnabled) {
        sb.append("      <form class=\"form-signin\" method=\"post\" action=\"" + contextPath + this.authenticationUrl + "\">\n        <h2 class=\"form-signin-heading\">Please sign in</h2>\n" + createError(loginError, errorMsg) + createLogoutSuccess(logoutSuccess) + "        <p>\n          <label for=\"username\" class=\"sr-only\">Username</label>\n          <input type=\"text\" id=\"username\" name=\"" + this.usernameParameter + "\" class=\"form-control\" placeholder=\"Username\" required autofocus>\n        </p>\n        <p>\n          <label for=\"password\" class=\"sr-only\">Password</label>\n          <input type=\"password\" id=\"password\" name=\"" + this.passwordParameter + "\" class=\"form-control\" placeholder=\"Password\" required>\n        </p>\n" + this.createRememberMe(this.rememberMeParameter) + this.renderHiddenInputs(request) + "        <button class=\"btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block\" type=\"submit\">Sign in</button>\n      </form>\n");
    }

    if (this.openIdEnabled) {
        sb.append("      <form name=\"oidf\" class=\"form-signin\" method=\"post\" action=\"" + contextPath + this.openIDauthenticationUrl + "\">\n        <h2 class=\"form-signin-heading\">Login with OpenID Identity</h2>\n" + createError(loginError, errorMsg) + createLogoutSuccess(logoutSuccess) + "        <p>\n          <label for=\"username\" class=\"sr-only\">Identity</label>\n          <input type=\"text\" id=\"username\" name=\"" + this.openIDusernameParameter + "\" class=\"form-control\" placeholder=\"Username\" required autofocus>\n        </p>\n" + this.createRememberMe(this.openIDrememberMeParameter) + this.renderHiddenInputs(request) + "        <button class=\"btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block\" type=\"submit\">Sign in</button>\n      </form>\n");
    }

    if (this.oauth2LoginEnabled) {
        sb.append("<h2 class=\"form-signin-heading\">Login with OAuth 2.0</h2>");
        sb.append(createError(loginError, errorMsg));
        sb.append(createLogoutSuccess(logoutSuccess));
        sb.append("<table class=\"table table-striped\">\n");
        Iterator var7 = this.oauth2AuthenticationUrlToClientName.entrySet().iterator();

        while(var7.hasNext()) {
            Entry<String, String> clientAuthenticationUrlToClientName = (Entry)var7.next();
            sb.append(" <tr><td>");
            String url = (String)clientAuthenticationUrlToClientName.getKey();
            sb.append("<a href=\"").append(contextPath).append(url).append("\">");
            String clientName = HtmlUtils.htmlEscape((String)clientAuthenticationUrlToClientName.getValue());
            sb.append(clientName);
            sb.append("</a>");
            sb.append("</td></tr>\n");
        }

        sb.append("</table>\n");
    }

    sb.append("</div>\n");
    sb.append("</body></html>");
    return sb.toString();
}

ExceptionTranslationFilter：是滤器链中的倒数第二个，如果没有登录时进行请求，该过滤器会重定向到配置的登录页面。

在这里插入图片描述

总结

通过以上的分析，可以知道Spring Security使用一系列的过滤器来提供其安全功能。包括CsrfFilter、UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter、DefaultLoginPageGeneratingFilter、ExceptionTranslationFilter等等，它们在Spring Security中扮演着各自的角色，协同工作以提供完善的安全保障。

Spring Security 对请求的处理流程

前言

系统启动

Spring Security 对请求的处理

总结

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