注意

本人使用

install-amd64-minimal-20220123T170538Z.iso
stage3-amd64-desktop-systemd-20220116T170534Z.tar.xz

配置信息

CPU: Intel i5-8300H (8) @ 4.000GHz 
GPU: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 Mobile 6GB 
Host: OMEN by HP Laptop 15-dc0xxx 

安装目标
amd64/UEFI/systemd/gnome/gentoo 达到日常使用目的

格式化磁盘

fdisk /dev/nvme0n1

g
n
1
+256M
n
2
+16G
n
3
全选

//形如

/dev/nvme0n1p1     2048    526335    524288  256M EFI 系统
/dev/nvme0n1p2   526336  34080767  33554432   16G Linux swap
/dev/nvme0n1p3 34080768 250069646 215988879  103G Linux 文件系统

//格式化

mkfs.ext4 /dev/nvme0n1p3
mkfs.vfat /dev/nvme0n1p1
mkswap /dev/nvme0n1p2
swapon /dev/nvme0n1p2

//挂载

mount /dev/nvme0n1p3 /mnt/gentoo

连网

net-setup

SSID 你的手机热点/WIFI名称,可以用手机usb开网络共享连入，更加方便
密码

同步NTC时间 必要！

ntpd -q -g 

下载stage3

links mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

解压stage3

cd /mnt/gentoo
tar xpvf stage3-*.tar.bz2 --xattrs-include='*.*' --numeric-owner

配置编译选项

nano -w /mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/make.conf

//八个核心并行编译  看你自己核心数量
MAKEOPTS=“-j8”
//接受所有软件许可证
ACCEPT_LICENSE="*"
//只安装AMD64稳定分支软件
ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="amd64"

同步镜像

//镜像选择

mirrorselect -i -o >> /mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/make.conf

//只选择阿里云与清华大学

Gentoo ebuild 软件仓库

mkdir --parents /mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/repos.conf
cp /mnt/gentoo/usr/share/portage/config/repos.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/repos.conf/gentoo.conf

//需要编辑

vi /mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/repos.conf/gentoo.conf
sync-uri = rsync://rsyncl.cn.gentoo.org/gentoo-portage

复制DNS信息

cp --dereference /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/

挂载必要的文件系统

root #mount --types proc /proc /mnt/gentoo/proc
root #mount --rbind /sys /mnt/gentoo/sys
root #mount --make-rslave /mnt/gentoo/sys
root #mount --rbind /dev /mnt/gentoo/dev
root #mount --make-rslave /mnt/gentoo/dev
root #mount --bind /run /mnt/gentoo/run
root #mount --make-slave /mnt/gentoo/run 

进入新环境

root #chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash
root #source /etc/profile
root #export PS1="(chroot) ${PS1}"

挂载

mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /boot

选择正确的配置文件

root #eselect profile list

Available profile symlink targets:
  [1]   default/linux/amd64/17.1 *
  [2]   default/linux/amd64/17.1/desktop
  [3]   default/linux/amd64/17.1/desktop/gnome
  [4]   default/linux/amd64/17.1/desktop/kde

选择对应配置文件

root #eselect profile set x

更新

emerge --ask --verbose --update --deep --newuse @world

安装软件

emerge --ask linux-firmware genkernel gentoo-sources networkmanager

时区

ln -sf ../usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

语言

vim -w /etc/locale.gen

en_US ISO-8859-1
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
zh_CN GBK
zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8

eselect locale list

eselect locale set  x

//选择 en_US UTF.8

现在重新加载环境：

env-update && source /etc/profile && export PS1="(chroot) ${PS1}"

安装内核

//软连接

ln -s /usr/src/gentoo-linux /usr/src/linux

//复制genkernel的config文件

cp /usr/share/genkernel/arch/x86_64/generated-config /usr/src/linux/.config

cd /usr/src/linux
make menuconfig 

//删除openrc 开启linux config next

//编译

make -j8 && make modules_install -j8 && make install

//生成initramfs文件

genkernel --install initramfs

内核方法2 （推荐）（自动生成initramfs）

genkernel all

fstab 文件

vim /etc/fstab

//挂载所有硬盘，形如这样即可
//注意 末尾标识符 /采用1 其他用2

/dev/sda1   /boot        ext2    defaults,noatime     0 2
/dev/sda2   none         swap    sw                   0 0
/dev/sda3   /            ext4    noatime              0 1

网络

emerge --ask net-misc/dhcpcd
systemctl enable --now dhcpcd

systemd-networkd系统守护进程管理网络配置

要配置systemd-networkd，在/etc/systemd/network路径下创建一个文件：
/etc/systemd/network/50-dhcp.network

[Match]
Name=en*
 
[Network]
DHCP=yes

root #systemctl enable systemd-networkd.service
root #systemctl start systemd-networkd.service 

systemd-networkd resolv.conf默认不会自动更新，要systemd管理DNS设置,替换resolv.conf为一个符号连接并启动到systemd-resolved。

root #ln -snf /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf
root #systemctl enable systemd-resolved.service
root #systemctl start systemd-resolved.service 

systemctl enable --now NerworkManager

更改密码

//gentoo密码有复杂性要求
passwd

grub uefi

root #echo 'GRUB_PLATFORMS="efi-64"' >> /etc/portage/make.conf

root #emerge --ask sys-boot/grub:2

当grub-mkconfig 被使用时， 增加 init 这一行 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX: 
/etc/default/grubGRUB2 systemd 配置示例

//Append parameters to the linux kernel command line
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="init=/lib/systemd/systemd"

grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

配置引导和启动

systemd-firstboot --prompt --setup-machine-id
systemctl preset-all

添加日常用户

比如，创建一个叫作larry的wheel、users和audio组的成员用户，首先作为root登录（只有root能创建用户）并运行useradd：
Login:root

Password: (输入root 密码)

root #useradd -m -G users,wheel,audio -s /bin/bash larry
root #passwd larry

Password: (输入larry的密码)
Re-enter password: (重复输入密码)

重启

root #exit
cdimage ~#cd
cdimage ~#umount -l /mnt/gentoo/dev{/shm,/pts,}
cdimage ~#umount -R /mnt/gentoo
cdimage ~#reboot

中文汉字

sudo emerge media-fonts/wqy-zenhei wqy-bitmapfont wqy-microhei wqy-unibit
sudo eselect fontconfig list     #查看系统中的所有字体
sudo eselect fontconfig enable X X X     #选择所有开头带有“wqy”的字体

ibus中文输入法

emerge --ask app-i18n/ibus ibus-libpinyin
vim ~/.xprofile or ~/.xinitrc

export XMODIFIERS=@im=ibus
export GTK_IM_MODULE=ibus
export QT_IM_MODULE=ibus

Use `xim` in case some apps (like Chromium) refuse to work with IBus
export GTK_IM_MODULE=xim
export QT_IM_MODULE=xim

ibus-daemon -drx

进入gnome在全局搜索ibus即可更改设定，super+空格即可切换输入法

layman第三方包

sudo emerge layman 
sudo layman -L 
sudo layman -a gentoo-zh 
sudo layman -a deepin 
sudo layman -s ALL

flatpak第三方包

Install Flatpak

To install Flatpak, enable the ~amd64 keyword for sys-apps/flatpak, acct-user/flatpak and acct-group/flatpak:

echo 'sys-apps/flatpak ~amd64\nacct-user/flatpak ~amd64\nacct-group/flatpak ~amd64\ndev-util/ostree ~amd64' >> /etc/portage/accept_keywords/flatpak

Then, install Flatpak:

emerge sys-apps/flatpak

emerge sys-apps/flatpak

Add the Flathub repository
Flathub is the best place to get Flatpak apps. To enable it, run:

flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo

Restart
To complete setup, restart your system. Now all you have to do is install some apps!

国内flatpak上海交大镜像源

sudo flatpak remote-modify flathub --url=https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/flathub

安装软件

//安装x服务与n卡驱动
emerge --ask gnome xorg-drivers xorg-servers nvidia-drivers

nvidia驱动

为了避免在每次启动时手动加载模块，每次系统启动时都自动完成，所以编辑 /etc/modules-load.d/video.conf 并添加 nvidia给它。
安装完成后，运行 modprobe nvidia 将内核模块加载到内存中。 如果这是升级，请先删除以前的模块。

root #lsmod | grep nvidia
root #rmmod nvidia
root #modprobe nvidia 

//参考的是 gentoowiki-nvidia-drivers
//给予新用户权限

gpasswd -a 你的用户名 video

//连接网络并开启dm
systemctl enable NetworkManager && gdm
systemctl enable NetworkManager && gdm

声卡问题

出现gnome无声

emerge --ask alsa-utils 
gpasswd -a larry audio

使用alsamixer调试是否能播出声音:

alsamixer

在这个地方MM表示静音，使用键盘M键，改为00表示出声。

测试声音：

speaker-test -t wav -c 2

ALSA

The media-plugins/alsa-plugins must be installed with the pulseaudio USE flag enabled:

root #emerge --ask media-plugins/alsa-plugin

Root can enable PulseAudio for all users:

root #systemctl --global enable pulseaudio.service pulseaudio.socket

进入gnome 完成

nvim 配置

options

local opt = vim.opt

-- 行号
opt.relativenumber = true
opt.number = true

-- 缩进
opt.tabstop = 2
opt.shiftwidth = 2
opt.expandtab = true
opt.autoindent = true

-- 防止包裹
opt.wrap = false

-- 光标行
opt.cursorline = true

-- 启用鼠标
opt.mouse:append("a")

-- 系统剪贴板
opt.clipboard:append("unnamedplus")

-- 默认新窗口右和下
opt.splitright = true
opt.splitbelow = true

-- 搜索
opt.ignorecase = true
opt.smartcase = true

-- 外观
opt.termguicolors = true
opt.signcolumn = "yes"
vim.cmd[[colorscheme tokyonight-moon]]

core

require("plugins.plugins-setup")

require("core.options")
require("core.keymaps")

-- 插件
require("plugins.lualine")
require("plugins/nvim-tree")
require("plugins/treesitter")
require("plugins/lsp")
require("plugins/cmp")
require("plugins/comment")
require("plugins/autopairs")
require("plugins/bufferline")
require("plugins/gitsigns")
require("plugins/telescope")

Packer 作为插件管理
配置参考

alacritty

配置参考

alacritty.yml

font:
  # The normal (roman) font face to use.
  # Style can be specified to pick a specific face.
  normal:
    family: Hack Nerd
    style: Light
    # family: "Fira Code"
    # family: "Source Code Pro"
    # style: Retina

  # The bold font face
  bold:
    family: Iosevka
    style: Medium
    # family: "Fira Code"
    # family: "Source Code Pro"

  # The italic font face
  italic:
    family: Iosevka
    style: "Light Italic"
    # style: "Light Oblique"
    # family: "Fira Code"
    # family: "Source Code Pro"
    # style: "Medium Italic"

  # Point size of the font
  size: 12.0
  # Background opacity
window:
  opacity: 0.9

  
  # Colors
colors:

  # Tomorrow (https://github.com/aarowill/base16-alacritty/blob/master/colors/base16-tomorrow.yml)
  # Default colors
  primary:
    #background: '0xffffff'
    foreground: '0x4d4d4c'
  # Colors the cursor will use if `custom_cursor_colors` is true
  cursor:
    text: '0xffffff'
    cursor: '0x4d4d4c'
  # Normal colors
  normal:
    blackA:   '0xffffff'
    red:     '0xc82829'
    green:   '0x718c00'
    yellow:  '0xeab700'
    blue:    '0x4271ae'
    magenta: '0x8959a8'
    cyan:    '0x3e999f'
    white:   '0x4d4d4c'
  # Bright colors
  bright:
    black:   '0x8e908c'
    red:     '0xf5871f'
    green:   '0xe0e0e0'
    yellow:  '0xd6d6d6'
    blue:    '0x969896'
    magenta: '0x282a2e'
    cyan:    '0xa3685a'
    white:   '0x1d1f21'
import:
 - ~/.config/alacritty/themes/themes/blood_moon.yaml
   
   

alacritty-themes

参考文件
Imports

Clone the repository, or download the theme of your choice:

# We use Alacritty's default Linux config directory as our storage location here.
mkdir -p ~/.config/alacritty/themes
git clone https://github.com/alacritty/alacritty-theme ~/.config/alacritty/themes

material-shell

参考文件
下载地址

gnome-looks

sweet主题
放入 /usr/share/icon
/usr/share/themes
/usr/share/cursors
对应的位置

Nerd Font

对应地址
放入/usr/share/font

zlib

效果图

参考

Gentoo安装流程分享(step by step)，第二篇之KDE Plasma桌面的安装配置
2020-Gentoo双系统安装指北（2）
Gentoo systemd 安装参考指南
Gentoo Wiki IBus
User:Sakaki/Sakaki's EFI Install Guide/Setting up the GNOME 3 Desktop
Gentoo AMD64 Handbook
Gentoo Wiki GNOME/GDM
Gentoo Wiki NVIDIA/nvidia-drivers
Gentoo Wiki Layman
Gentoo Wiki PulseAudio