基础介绍
socket:对底层的封装，实现接收和发送能功能
发送：send
接收：receive
ISO七层
应用层 http,smtp, dns, ftp,ssh,snmp,ping,dhcp
表示层
会话层
传输
网络层 ip
数据链路层 mac
物理层
TCP/IP 三次握手，四次断开
UDP
port最大 65535
会话实例
# 服务器端 import socket server = socket.socket() server.bind(("localhost", 6969)) #绑定监听端口 server.listen(5) # 监听 print("监听开始..") while True: conn, addr = server.accept() #等待连接 print("conn:", conn, "\naddr:", addr) # conn连接实例 while True: data = conn.recv(1024) # 接收 if not data: print("connect close..") break print(data.decode("utf-8")) # 解码 conn.send(data.upper()) # 发送 server.close()
参数说明：
AF_INET：IPv4协议 AF_INET6： IPv6协议 SOCK_STREAM：面向流的TCP协议 SOCK_DGRAM： 面向无连接UDP协议
# 客户端 import socket client = socket.socket() #生成socket连接对象 ip_port =("localhost", 6969) # 地址和端口号 client.connect(ip_port) # 连接 while True: content = input(">>") if not content: # 如果传入空字符会阻塞 print("connect close..") break client.send(content.encode("utf-8")) #传送和接收都是bytes类型 data = client.recv(1024) # 接收 print(data.decode("utf-8")) # 解码 client.close()
help(socket)
""" class socket(_socket.socket) | A subclass of _socket.socket adding the makefile() method. | | Method resolution order: | socket | _socket.socket | builtins.object | | Methods defined here: | | __enter__(self) | | __exit__(self, *args) | | __getstate__(self) | | __init__(self, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketType.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, proto=0, fileno=None) | | __repr__(self) | Wrap __repr__() to reveal the real class name and socket | address(es). | | accept(self) | accept() -> (socket object, address info) | | Wait for an incoming connection. Return a new socket | representing the connection, and the address of the client. | For IP sockets, the address info is a pair (hostaddr, port). | | close(self) | | detach(self) | detach() -> file descriptor | | Close the socket object without closing the underlying file descriptor. | The object cannot be used after this call, but the file descriptor | can be reused for other purposes. The file descriptor is returned. | | dup(self) | dup() -> socket object | | Duplicate the socket. Return a new socket object connected to the same | system resource. The new socket is non-inheritable. | | get_inheritable(self) | Get the inheritable flag of the socket | | makefile(self, mode='r', buffering=None, *, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None) | makefile(...) -> an I/O stream connected to the socket | | The arguments are as for io.open() after the filename, | except the only mode characters supported are 'r', 'w' and 'b'. | The semantics are similar too. (XXX refactor to share code?) | | set_inheritable(self, inheritable) | Set the inheritable flag of the socket | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Data descriptors defined here: | | __weakref__ | list of weak references to the object (if defined) | | family | Read-only access to the address family for this socket. | | type | Read-only access to the socket type. | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Methods inherited from _socket.socket: | | __getattribute__(self, name, /) | Return getattr(self, name). | | __new__(*args, **kwargs) from builtins.type | Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. | | bind(...) | bind(address) | | Bind the socket to a local address. For IP sockets, the address is a | pair (host, port); the host must refer to the local host. For raw packet | sockets the address is a tuple (ifname, proto [,pkttype [,hatype]]) | | connect(...) | connect(address) | | Connect the socket to a remote address. For IP sockets, the address | is a pair (host, port). | | connect_ex(...) | connect_ex(address) -> errno | | This is like connect(address), but returns an error code (the errno value) | instead of raising an exception when an error occurs. | | fileno(...) | fileno() -> integer | | Return the integer file descriptor of the socket. | | getpeername(...) | getpeername() -> address info | | Return the address of the remote endpoint. For IP sockets, the address | info is a pair (hostaddr, port). | | getsockname(...) | getsockname() -> address info | | Return the address of the local endpoint. For IP sockets, the address | info is a pair (hostaddr, port). | | getsockopt(...) | getsockopt(level, option[, buffersize]) -> value | | Get a socket option. See the Unix manual for level and option. | If a nonzero buffersize argument is given, the return value is a | string of that length; otherwise it is an integer. | | gettimeout(...) | gettimeout() -> timeout | | Returns the timeout in seconds (float) associated with socket | operations. A timeout of None indicates that timeouts on socket | operations are disabled. | | ioctl(...) | ioctl(cmd, option) -> long | | Control the socket with WSAIoctl syscall. Currently supported 'cmd' values are | SIO_RCVALL: 'option' must be one of the socket.RCVALL_* constants. | SIO_KEEPALIVE_VALS: 'option' is a tuple of (onoff, timeout, interval). | | listen(...) | listen(backlog) | | Enable a server to accept connections. The backlog argument must be at | least 0 (if it is lower, it is set to 0); it specifies the number of | unaccepted connections that the system will allow before refusing new | connections. | | recv(...) | recv(buffersize[, flags]) -> data | | Receive up to buffersize bytes from the socket. For the optional flags | argument, see the Unix manual. When no data is available, block until | at least one byte is available or until the remote end is closed. When | the remote end is closed and all data is read, return the empty string. | | recv_into(...) | recv_into(buffer, [nbytes[, flags]]) -> nbytes_read | | A version of recv() that stores its data into a buffer rather than creating | a new string. Receive up to buffersize bytes from the socket. If buffersize | is not specified (or 0), receive up to the size available in the given buffer. | | See recv() for documentation about the flags. | | recvfrom(...) | recvfrom(buffersize[, flags]) -> (data, address info) | | Like recv(buffersize, flags) but also return the sender's address info. | | recvfrom_into(...) | recvfrom_into(buffer[, nbytes[, flags]]) -> (nbytes, address info) | | Like recv_into(buffer[, nbytes[, flags]]) but also return the sender's address info. | | send(...) | send(data[, flags]) -> count | | Send a data string to the socket. For the optional flags | argument, see the Unix manual. Return the number of bytes | sent; this may be less than len(data) if the network is busy. | | sendall(...) | sendall(data[, flags]) | | Send a data string to the socket. For the optional flags | argument, see the Unix manual. This calls send() repeatedly | until all data is sent. If an error occurs, it's impossible | to tell how much data has been sent. | | sendto(...) | sendto(data[, flags], address) -> count | | Like send(data, flags) but allows specifying the destination address. | For IP sockets, the address is a pair (hostaddr, port). | | setblocking(...) | setblocking(flag) | | Set the socket to blocking (flag is true) or non-blocking (false). | setblocking(True) is equivalent to settimeout(None); | setblocking(False) is equivalent to settimeout(0.0). | | setsockopt(...) | setsockopt(level, option, value) | | Set a socket option. See the Unix manual for level and option. | The value argument can either be an integer or a string. | | settimeout(...) | settimeout(timeout) | | Set a timeout on socket operations. 'timeout' can be a float, | giving in seconds, or None. Setting a timeout of None disables | the timeout feature and is equivalent to setblocking(1). | Setting a timeout of zero is the same as setblocking(0). | | share(...) | share(process_id) -> bytes | | Share the socket with another process. The target process id | must be provided and the resulting bytes object passed to the target | process. There the shared socket can be instantiated by calling | socket.fromshare(). | | shutdown(...) | shutdown(flag) | | Shut down the reading side of the socket (flag == SHUT_RD), the writing side | of the socket (flag == SHUT_WR), or both ends (flag == SHUT_RDWR). | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Data descriptors inherited from _socket.socket: | | proto | the socket protocol | | timeout | the socket timeout """
